FREDERICK, a city of Maryland, U.S.A., 45m. W. by N. of Baltimore, on a tributary of the Monocacy river; the county seat of Frederick county. It is on Federal highways 15, 4o, 24o and 340, and is served by the Baltimore and Ohio, the Western Maryland, and the Pennsylvania railways, and by inter-urban motor-coach and trolley lines. The population was 11,o66 in 1920 (88% native white) and 14,434 in 1930 according to Federal census. The "clustered spires" of Frederick, to borrow Whittier's description, rising from "meadows rich with corn," are "green walled by the hills of Maryland." The modern city is an important trading, farming and manufacturing centre, with a factory output in 1927 valued at $10,144,351, and bank clearings amounting to $25,106,794. There are large flour mills, brush and silo factories, creameries, corn-canning factories and various other industrial plants. On the outskirts of the city is Hood college for women (Reformed Church) , organized in 1893 on the foundation of a seminary chartered in 1839. The State school for the deaf was established here in 1867. On its grounds is a stone barrack built in 1777, which was used as quarters for prisoners from Saratoga, Trenton and Yorktown during the Revolution, and as a Union hospital during the Civil War. The town clock, in the tower of Trinity chapel, has been in constant service since 1796. Frederick was the birthplace of Francis Scott Key, author of "The Star Spangled Banner," and of Admiral Winfield Scott Schley. "Rose Hill," home of the first governor of Maryland, Thomas Johnson (b. 1732), is one of the many beautiful colonial estates near the city, and within its limits is the summer home of Chief Justice Taney, with the slave quarters still standing. Frederick was settled by Germans in 1733, and Was laid out in 1745. It is uncertain whether it was named after the last Lord Baltimore, the then Prince of Wales, or Frederick the Great of Prussia. The city was incorporated in 1817. Here in 1755 Gen. Braddock prepared for his expedition against Ft. Duquesne; and in the county court house on Nov. 23, 1765, the 12 county judges took official action (the first jurists of the country to do so) repudiating the British Stamp Act. During the Civil War the city was occupied at differ ent times by Unionists and Confederates. The battle of Monocacy was fought 3m. south. The flag-waving by Barbara Fritchie, which through Whittier's ballad has become a cherished national legend, took place, if at all, during "Stonewall" Jackson's march to Harper's Ferry, in 1862. The site of Mrs. Fritchie's home was eaten away by the changing channel of the creek, and the materials of the house were made into canes and other souvenirs. A replica has been constructed for a museum in which the flag itself and other relics are preserved.