ALLE.
Bill short, thick, and curved, nares free; maxilla broader than high; tail 12 feathers; one egg, pale greenish blue, in a cleft of a rock or amongst stones or boulders.
summer. Above blue black, wings brown, scapulars edged white both webs, secondaries tipped white ; beneath white, throat and foreneck sooty brown. In winter, throat, sides of neck, and underparts white. Bill black. Legs and feet dark bluish grey. Wing 116-132. Tarsus 20-22. Bill 13-15.
Ilreeds.—Iceland (Mevenklint and Graemsay), Jan Mayen, Bear Island, Spitzbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Nova Zembla ; also Greenland. Comes south in winter, sometimes in great numbers, to Coasts of \V. Europe as far as Azores, but rare in Mediterranean ; also visits American Coast south to Carolina. , t7RIA." Bill long, pointed, and only slightly compressed ; nares covered by feathers ; tarsus shorter than middle toe and claw; eggs 1-3.
Uria troille troille (L.). GUILLEMOT. Fr. Guillemot troile ; Ger. Dumme Lumme ; /id/. I ; Swed. Sill-grisla.
8 9 summer. Above blackish grey, head, throat, and fore neck browner, almost chocolate brown ; a crease in feathers from bill to eye and continued behind eye ; secondaries with narrow white tips ; beneath white. In winter, above black, sides of head (except post-ocular stripe), throat and underparts white. Bill black. Legs and feet light brown in front, blackish behind, webs black. \Ving 19o-207. Tarsus 34-38. Bill 40-48.
Breeds.—Bear Island, Iceland, Fames, British Isles, Murman Coast, Norway, God)land, Bornholm, Heligoland, N.W. Coast France, Portugal (Berlengas) ; also on American side of Atlantic, S. Greenland to Newfoundland. Wanders south in winter as far as 3o° N., and also enters the Mediterranean. A variety occurs with the crease behind eye white and eye-rim white, known as " U. ringvia," Bridled Guillemot.
Uria lomvia lomvia (L.). BRCTNNICH's GUILLEMOT.
summer. Above darker than in "U. troille" ; crown black, contrasting with brown face. Bill shorter, upper mandible somewhat swollen at sides behind the nostril, and unfeathered part there more extensive than in " troille," bare bill behind nostril being about equal in length to bill in front. Bill black
tinged greenish, yellowish at tip and on upper mandible near gape. Legs and feet grey black, tinged yellowish in front. In winter, plumage changes as in "troille." \Ving 202-222. Tarsus 33-36. Bill 30-35.
Breeds.—Iceland (Mevenklint and Graemsay), Bear Island, Jan Mayen, Spitzbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Murman Coast, Nova Zembla ; also on Taimyr Peninsula and on American Coast from N. Greenland south to Labrador. Largely resident ; some times appears in small numbers on Norwegian and British Coasts (rarely) and in Baltic, as well as on the western side of Atlantic.
Uria grylle grylle (L.). BLACK GUILLEMOT. Ger. Gryllteist ; Swed. Tobis-grisla.
9 summer. General colour oily greenish black ; quills at base of inner webs, median wing coverts, terminal half of greater wing coverts, under wing coverts and axillaries white. Bill black. Legs and feet coral red. In winter (except in very old birds, which do not change), mostly white, upper parts being black with white tips, tail and wings as in summer. Young have white wing coverts mottled with black. \Ving 155-166. Tarsus 3o-34. Bill Breeds.—Iceland, Faroes, Scotland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Scandinavia to N. Cape and east along Murman Coast to White Sea, in Baltic on Bornholm, Aland Islands, and Swedish and Finnish Coasts to north of Bothnian Gulf ; also S. Greenland and E. Coast of N. America to Maine. Winters in N. Atlantic.
U. grylle mandti Lichtenstein. Bill more slender than in "grylle" ; greater wing coverts white to bases. In winter, much whiter above, white tips much longer and rump pure white. Wing 161-17 F. Tarsus 29-31. Bill 263o.
Breeds.—Bear Island, Spitzbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Nova Zembla, Waigatz, and on Coasts of Siberia, Arctic N. America and Greenland. Mostly winters in Arctic regions, occasionally comes south on E. Coast of America.