BUCEPHALA.
Bill shorter than head and narrower at tip than at base ; tail rounded, 16 feathers.
Bucephala clangula clangula (L.). GOLDEN-EYE. Fr. Carrot ; Ger. Schellente ; Ito!. Quatteocchi ; Szuerl. Knipa.
Above black, head and neck green (purple in some lights), feathers of hind crown slightly elongated ; an oval white patch on loxes ; scapulars black striped with white ; wing coverts, secondaries and underparts white. Bill bluish black. Legs and feet orange.
Iris yellow. 9 Above brown, with grey tips, head and neck umber, crown feathers less elongated ; inner secondaries white ; chest band grey, underparts white. Bill bluish black, with yellow spot round nail which is 5 m.m. wide. Legs and feet brownish yellow. Wing j 212-228, 9 192-200. Tarsus j 9 Bill 6 34-36, 9 Breeds.—Scandinavia south to about 6o°, Finland north to tree limit, Iceland (occasional), N. Russia south to Moscow and Ufa, Baltic Provinces, N. Germany ; and across Siberia. •Migrates; occurs in winter British Isles and C. and S. Europe south to Mediterranean (occasional in N.\V. Africa) and through S. Asia to China and Japan.
Bucephala islandica (Gmelin).
j Larger than "clangula" ; head and neck bluish purple, feathers of hind crown longer, !oral patch crescent-shaped, scapulars black, bifurcated and with white drop-shaped centres.
Bill bluish black. Legs and feet orange. Q resembles 9 "clangula" but yellow spot on bill larger and nail wider 7 m.m. Wing j 24o-248, 9 213-224. Bill d 33-36, 9 about 30.
13reeds.-1celand (resident) ; also Greenland and N. America. Rare visitor to European shores ; has occurred Norway, Faroes, Belgium, Spain, Finland, Riigen Islands and possibly Shetlands.
Bucephala albeola (L.). BUFFEL-HEADED DUCK.
j Above black, glossed green and purple on head ; a large white patch beginning below eye runs round occiput to form a half ring ; lower neck, greater and middle wing coverts, outer scapulars, speculum, and underparts white ; tail grey ; feathers of hind crown more elongated than in " islandica" and feathers on sides of head also lengthened. Bill dark lead colour. Legs and feet yellowish pink. 9 Above dark brown ; white patch beginning below eye extends to behind ear-coverts ; band on wing white ; beneath white tinged ashy grey on flanks. Bill dusky. Legs and feet pinkish. Wing 163-180, 9 150-163. Tarsus 30-33. Bill 25-29, ? 23-26 (W.).
A North American species, which has occurred three times in Britain.