CARPODACUS.
Bill thick and short, longer than in " Pyrrhula " ; sexes different ; cup nest in hushes ; eggs blue with deep brown spots.
Carpodacus rubicillus rubicillus Giildenstadt.
d General colour crimson, brownish on back, more rosy on tail coverts ; car coverts silvery, quills and tail brown ; beneath crimson with white centres. Bill yellowish. Legs and feet dark brown. \Ving 118. Tarsus 22. Bill 13.5-15.5 (H.). 9 light brown throughout with faint dark central streaks. Wing 115.
Mountains.
Carpodacus erythrinus erythrinus (Pallas). SCARLET GROSBEAK. Fr. Roselin cramoisi ; Ger. Karmingimpel.
e Crown, nape, lower back, rump, chin, throat, and chest carmine ; back, scapulars, and lesser wing coverts brown tinged carmine ; abdomen white washed carmine. Bill brownish horn.
Legs and feet brown. \Ving a 8o-86, 9 79-83 (\V.). Tarsus 18-19. Bill 8-1o. 9 greyish streaked olive brown, wing coverts with brownish white tips ; beneath whitish faintly streaked brown. Young are like 9 but slightly browner. The a does not acquire the full carmine plumage after the first moult, hut breeds in a dress not unlike that of 9.
Breeds. —E. Prussia, Poland, Baltic Provinces, Finland, Russia to 65° N., east to Lower Volga and Urals, and south to also in W. Siberia. Partly migratory ; occurs in winter W. Europe to Spain, Britain (irregular visitor), Malta (rare).