CLANGULA.
Bill shorter than head and shorter than tarsus ; nail occupies whole tip of bill ; tail feathers pointed, 14 in number and in much elongated.
Clangula hyemalis (L.). LONG-TAILED DUCK. Fr. Canard de miclon ; Ger. Eisente ; Ital. Moretta codona ; Swed. Alfogel.
8 summer. Crown and upper parts rich brown, lores grey, above and behind eye a white stripe ; scapulars with chestnut margins ; breast brown, abdomen white ; central tail feathers dark brown, next white and brown, lateral feathers white. In winter, head, neck, lower breast and abdomen white, neck patches, upper parts and upper breast deep brown, lores and sides of head brownish grey, scapulars pale grey. Bill basal half and nail black, remainder rosy orange. Legs and feet bluish grey. Iris carmine. 9 summer. Upper parts brown ; a line behind the eye, centre of throat and foreneck pale brown ; underparts white. In winter ; above brown with chestnut
margins ; crown, neck patches and chin brown ; face, line behind eye, collar and underparts white, chest band pale reddish brown. Bill greyish black. Legs and feet greenish grey. Speculum brown in all plumages. Wing e 198-215. Tarsus 33-36. Bill 25-29, 9 25-28.
Breeds.- Circumpolar ; Spitzbergen, Jan Mayen, Nova Zembla, Waigatz, Kolguev, Iceland, Fames, Shetlaml and Orkney Ishinds (doubtful), Norway south to about 6o", Sweden, Lapland, N. Russia south to L. Onega, and across Arctic Asia and America to Greenland. Migrates ; occurs Finland and C. Russia on passage ; occurs in winter British Isles, C. Europe south to S. France, N. Italy, Danube mouth and Caspian Sea ; in America south to Central United States and California ; in Asia to China and Japan.