Tetrad

TETRAD.

Tail rather long, wedge-shaped, lateral feathers shorter than middle, 18 feathers ; tarsus feathered ; toes bare; inhabit woods ; eggs yellowish brown, spotted brown.

Tetrao urogallus urogallus

L. CAPERCAILZ1E. Fr. Coq de bruyere ; Ger. Auerhuhn ; Ital. Gallo cedrone ; Swed. Tjader.

Above black ; wing coverts, secondaries and scapulars chestnut brown, all freckled with white ; head and neck black freckled dark grey and with bluish gloss ; upper tail coverts tipped white ; beneath, chest dark glossy green, breast, abdomen, and tail black, the two last with white markings (variable in extent). Comb above eye red. Bill yellowish. Feet reddish brown. Wing 380,410. Tarsus Bill 35. 9 Above black, barred and tipped with ochreous and white, tail barred chestnut ; foreneck and chest ochreous ; breast and abdomen paler, barred black and tipped white. Wing 290-310. Tarsus 52-56. Bill 24.

Resident.—Pine Forests Scandinavia up to 70° N., N. Russia from 66-3o° and in Urals from 65° south to Perm, Carpathians and Balkans (Bulgaria to N. Albania), Alps, Germany, Scotland (was extinct, but again introduced).

T.

urogallus aquitanicus Ingram. As in " urogallus " but smaller. Wing 350-368. 9 Above generally darker than 9 "urogallus" and white spots on scapulars and secondaries smaller, underparts darker. Wing 272-284 (H.).

Resident. — Pyrenees, and possibly Cantabrian Mountains, N. Spain.

T.

urogallus volgensis Buturlin. S Lighter above than 6 "urogallus," dark colour being browner. 9 Paler and greyer that 9 "urogallus" and with more white on underparts. Inter mediate between "urogallus" and "uralensis." Resident.—E. Russia (Simbirsk).

T.

urogallus uralensis Menzbier. a Head, neck, upper parts and sides of breast much paler than in a "urogallus," white marks on tail broader, wing coverts, scapulars, and secondaries paler and redder brown, upper tail coverts more broadly tipped white, breast and abdomen white, freckled grey. Y Above much paler than 9 "urogallus " and more white throughout.

Resident.—Russia (S. Ural, Orenburg, Ufa, Samara).