Pahoehoe And Aa
Pahoehoe And Aa. The Terms Pahoehoe And Aa, Expressive Of The Two Principal Classes Of Lava Are Of Hawaiian Origin, Whence It Is Evident That The Natives Early Appreciated Their Peculiarities. They Have Now Taken A Fixed Place In Volcanic Terminology In Spite Of The Protest Of Professor T. G. ...
Pearl Harbor Series
Pearl Harbor Series. The Coral Reefs And Limestones Are Intimately Associated With Sedimentary Deposits And Volcanic Flows, Partly Ashes, Often Dis Integrated. The Whole Assemblage Is Really A Terrane About I,000 Feet In Thickness. It Is Best Developed About The Pearl River Locks, And Hence For Convenience It May Be ...
Physiography Of The Hawaiian
Physiography Of The Hawaiian Archipelago. The Hawaiian Archipelago, "the Loveliest Fleet Of Islands An Chored In Any Ocean," Is Usually Described As Consisting Of Eight High Inhabited Islands With A N. W., S. E. Trend. The Nautical Charts, However, Show A Dozen Smaller Low Islands And Shoals Situ Ated To ...
Punchbowl And Diamond Head
Punchbowl And Diamond Head Compared. The Structure Of Punchbowl Is Like That Of Diamond Head. It Is Mostly Composed Of Tuff, Much Of Which On The Side Toward The City Has Its Seams Filled With Calcite. In The Quarry Below The Reservoir Both Calcite And Zeolites Are Found, And An ...
Putt Waawaa
Putt Waawaa. When One Is At The Landing Of Kawaihae, He May See A Curious Bill To The South At The Base Of Hualalai Called Puu Waawaa. It Is A Fluted Cone Several Hundred Feet Higher Than Its Base Which Is 3.300 Feet Above Sea Level. The Name In The ...
S1la1tea In 1868
S1la1tea In 1868. The Disturbances Occurring This Year Have Been To Some Extcnt Confused With Those Emanating From The Greater Neighbor On The North. It Was The Time Of The Most Extensive Earthquakes Known In The History Of The Islands And It Has Not Been Absolutely Demon Strated Whether Kilauea ...
Springs In The Ocean
Springs In The Ocean. After These Introductory Statements It Is Possible Now To Postu Late An Additional Proposition : Springs Of Fresh Water Arise In The Midst Of The Ocean At Some Distance From The Shore. The Facts Are Not Numerous, But Are Stated Upon The Best Authority. Pro Fessor ...
Submarine Eruption In 1877
Submarine Eruption In 1877. On The 14th Of February, Mr. Green Reported That From A "great Vent On The Flat Top Of The Mountain There Burst Forth Smoke And White-hot Molten Lavas" Which Lighted Up The Whole Island Of Hawaii And Was So Bright On Maui As To Cause People ...
Subsidence Of The Debris
Subsidence Of The Debris Cone. It Is Worthy Of Note That In The Next Series Of Changes The Area Of The More Elevated Part Of This Cone Becomes The Depressed Area Of August, 1892, As Shown By The Section And Map Of That Date; And A Description Of The Changes ...
Sympathy Between Mauna Loa
Sympathy Between Mauna Loa And Kilauea. Much Has Been Written Upon The Question As To How Our Two Great Volcanoes Stand Related To Each Other. Attempts Have Been Made To Show A Species Of Parallelism In The Volcanoes Of The Archipelago—the Latest Are By Professor Dana Representing That Kaala, West ...
The Artesian Conditions
The Artesian Conditions. Oahu Presents Two Series Of Diversified Sheets Of Rock Dipping Gently Toward The Sea From High Central Points ; But The Material Is Volcanic. In The Early Days Successful Artesian Wells Had Been Sunk Through Sedimentary Strata, Whence It Was Inferred That It Would Be Useless To ...
The Artesian Water Supply
The Artesian Water Supply. Among The Interesting Physical Features Of Oahu Is The Abund Ant Water Supply Derived From Artesian Wells. All Other Islands Possessing A Similar Structure Are Capable Of Yielding Similar Re Turns To Effort ; So It May Be Well To Present The History Of The Operations ...
The Ascensive Action In
The Ascensive Action In The Lava Column. Perhaps The First Suggestion Of The Uplifting Action Came From Prof. C. S. Lyman In 1846, Following Observations Two Years Earlier By Mr. Coan. In 1844 Mr. Coan Found That The Lower Pit Formed In 1840 Had Been Filled Up, Ostensibly By Overflows ...
The Authors Visit In
The Author's Visit In 1883. By The Record Of The Visitor's Book Captain Dutton Was At The Volcano July 14, August 4, And September 12. The Author Ar Rived There February 9 In The Following Year, In Company With Rev. A. 0. Forbes Of Honolulu, Who From His Familiarity With ...
The Belief In Pell
The Belief In Pell. "the Apprehensions Uniformly Entertained By The Natives Of The Fearful Consequences Of Pele's Anger Prevented Their Paying Very Frequent Visits To The Vicinity Of Her Abode ; And When, On Their Inland Journeys, They Had Occasion To Approach Kilauea, They Were Scrupulously Attentive To Every Injunction ...
The Breakdown In 1894
The Breakdown In 1894. For About Two Years The Liquid Had Been Accumulating, Till Finally It Filled The Pit And Oozed Forth From The Highest Part Of The Immense Column. The Borders Of The Fused Lava Cooled More Quickly Than The Interior ; Whence It Resulted That The Refrigerated Mass ...
The Breakdown Of 1891
The Breakdown Of 1891 As Described By S. E. Eiltiof In The Issue Of Nature For September 4, 1902, Dr. S. E. Bishop Presents His Views Of The Changes In Kilauea In 1892-4: The Recent Destructive Eruption In Martinique Has Revived Interest In The Question Of The Causes Of Volcanic ...
The Changes In The
The Changes In The Pit. Returning To Kilauea, Dr. Hillebrand States That On The 18th And Igth Of April, The Crater Was Entirely Devoid Of Liquid Lava. Large Segments Of The Walls Had Fallen In On The West And Eastern Sides. The Heat Was Considerable In The Pit Of Halemaumau, ...
The Conditions Of 1880
The Conditions Of 1880. By May, 188o, According To Mr. Coan, Halemaumau Had Be Come A Boiling Lake Discharging Copious Streams Into The Great Central Basin. In July, Professor W. T. Brigham Paid Another Visit To The Volcano. He Considered That During The Previous Eighteen Years Kilauea Must Have Increased ...
The Display Of 1899
The Display Of 1899. It Was My Good Fortune To Have Been In Hawaii In 1899 And To Have Witnessed From A Distance The Beautiful Columns Of Liquid Lava Rising Several Hundred Feet Above The Surface. I Collated The Facts Observed By Myself And Others In A Bulletin Of The ...
The Displays In 1905
The Displays In 1905. New Interest Has Been Manifested In Kilauea In 1905 Because Of Renewed Activity. At The Opening Of The Year Halemaumau Was A Lifeless Pit Over Eight Hundred Feet Deep, Whose Floor Con Consisted Of The Cooled Overflows, Last Seen November 25, 1903. February 24th Fresh Lava ...
The Eruption Of 1840
The Eruption Of 1840. This Was The Most Important Of All The Discharges From Kilauea Since The Country Has Been Known To Us. Our Sources Of Informa Tion Are The Statements Of Rev. Titus Coan, Captain Charles Wilkes And Professor J. D. Dana. None Of These Gentlemen Were On The ...
The Eruption Of 1852
The Eruption Of 1852. Described In Verse By Titus Coan, And Published In The Friend. Hark ! Hark ! While Yet 'tis Dark There's A Deep, Rumbling Sound, As Of Spirits Underground, Rolling Rocks For Melting, Gathering Ore For Smelting. Hark! While Night Is Still Dark In Earth's Hidden Caves, ...
The Eruption Of 1859
The Eruption Of 1859. This Started At An Elevation Of Ro,5oo Feet On The North Side Of Mauna Loa And Was Observed By President Beckwith And Pro Fessors R. C. Haskell And W. D. Alexander Of Oahu College, Rev. L. Lyons Of Waimea, Rev. Titus Coan, And By W. Lowthian ...
The First Known Attempt
The First Known Attempt To Ascend Mauna Loa. John Ledyard, The Famous Traveler, Was One Of The Seamen Of Captain Cook's Party In 1779 When They Were Anchored Off Keala Kekua. I Will Quote The Greater Part Of His Narrative From A Journal Of Captain Cook's Last Voyage To The ...
The Great Eruption Of
The Great Eruption Of 1868. This Eruption Had Two Peculiarities: 1, It Was Preceded By Numerous And Violent Earthquakes ; 2, The Place Of Principal Emer Bence Of The Lava Was Low Down The Mountain, Io,000 Feet Be Low The Summit. The Flows Previously Described Came From Small Orifices 10-12,000 ...
The High Inhabited Islands
The High Inhabited Islands. The First Of The Inhabited Islands Met With In Proceeding South Easterly Is Niihau, Fifteen Miles West Of Kauai. It Is Eighteen Miles Long, Eight Miles In Its Widest Part, And Has An Area Of Ninety-seven Square Miles. There Seems To Be A Central High Por ...
The History Of The
The History Of The Exploration Ofmauna Loa. This Term Is Applied To An Immense Dome Seventy-four By Fifty Three Miles In Its Two Diameters As Measured At The Sea Level, And 13,65o Feet In Altitude. Its Mass Extends Downwards More Than 16,000 Feet Farther To The Level Of The Submarine ...
The History Of The_2
The History Of The Exploration Of Kilauea. Kilauea, Sometimes Written Kirauea, Is Better Known Than Mauna Loa Because It Is More Easily Visited And Has Almost Always Afforded Signs Of Volcanic Activity. The Altitude Of Its North Bank At The Volcano House Is Given At 4,040 Feet, And Is Easily ...
The Latest Submergence And
The Latest Submergence And Reelevation. It Would Seem As If There Must Be Evidence Of The Submergence Of Oahu After The Accumulation Of The Talus-breccia To The Depth Of Two Hundred And Fifty Feet. The Relation Of The Deposit To The Talus-breccia May Be Seen At The Quarry, Where At ...
The Low Islands
The Low Islands. The Ocean Islands Are The Most Remote Of The Group, Touching Longitude 178° 3o', Being Very Nearly The Antipodes Of Green Wich. It Is A Small Sandy Area About One Mile Square Inside Of And Nearly Touching The Coralline Rim Of About Sixteen Miles Cir Cuit. On ...
The Mohokea Caldera
The Mohokea Caldera. Upon The Southwest Flank Of Mauna Loa The Evenness Of The Slope Is Interrupted By The Presence Of An Irregular Pit, As If The Rock Had Been Removed By An Immense Scoop. My Attention Was First Called To It By Conversation With Mr. Joseph S. Emerson Of ...
The Ordinary Work Of
The Ordinary Work Of The Volcanoes. For Most Of The Time The Activity Of The Volcanoes Is Rather Com Monplace. There Is A Daily Routine Of Work Much Like Respira Tion And Assimilation In The Human Body, Partly Illustrative Of A Kind Of Life And Partly A Preparation For Eruptions. ...
The Region Of The
The Region Of The Discharge Of 1840 As Described By. Captain Wilkes Went Over The Ground Traversed By This Erup Tion January 18th To 23d, 1841, And Published A Map Of The Region. He Used The Name Of Lua Pele For Kilauea Iki. A Short Distance From This He Observed ...
The Renewed Activity Of
The Renewed Activity Of 1908. Nov. 30, 1907. Lycurgus Says, "volcano Active Again After A Quiet Of Seven Months. A Little Cone With Flame Issuing. Was Not Persistent." Dec. 7, 1907. W. A. Wall Figures The Black Ledge At The Depth Of Four Hundred And Fifty Feet, The Lower Pit ...
The Talus Breccla Deposit With
The Talus-breccla. Deposit With Land Shells. At The Southern Base Of Diamond Head, At A Quarry Not Far From The Terminus Of The Electric Road (1905), Is An Extensive Excavation In A Talus-breccia Of Tuff With A Calcareous Cement. This Carries Shells Of Lapachtinia, Helicona, Pitys, Suceinea, Pupa And Helix ...
The True Story Of
The True Story Of Pelf. King Kalakaua Recovered From The Traditions Handed Down For Many Generations The True Story Of Pele, And Has Presented It In His Book Under The Heading Of The Apotheosis Of Pele. It Seems That There Was A Large Family, Five Brothers And Nine Sisters, Emi ...
The Visit Of Captain
The Visit Of Captain Wilkes. Captain Wilkes Of The United States Exploring Expedition Made A Prolonged Stay At The Two Volcanoes In 1840-i, Of Which A Full Account Is Presented In The "narrative," Pp. 111-231. The Part Relating To Mauna Loa Is Given Elsewhere. With This Greater Mountain In Sight, ...
The Wilkes Party Upon
The Wilkes Party Upon Mauna Loa. The Most Elaborate Attempt To Take Observations Upon Mauna Loa Was That Of The United States Exploring Expedition In 184o-41. Captain Wilkes, The Officer In Command Of The Expedition, Wished To Apply The Best Apparatus Of His Time For The Determination Of Geodetic Positions ...
Vancouvers Exploration
Vancouver's Exploration. The Next English Expedition To The Hawaiian Islands After The Death Of Captain Cook Was That Commanded By George Van Couver In The Year 1793-4, Published In 1798. Vancouver Had Visited The Islands Before, Having Been Connected With The Staff Of Captain Cook. King George The Third Commissioned ...
Visit Of Hiram Bingham
Visit Of Hiram Bingham. Rev. Hiram Bingham Spent Thirty Hours At The Volcano October Zoth And 21st, 183o. He Represented The Altitude To Be 4,00o Feet, Ten Thousand Below Mauna Loa. Six Hundred Feet Below The Rim "stretched Around Horizontally A Vast Amphitheater Gallery Of Black Indurated Lava," On Which ...
Visit Of Lord Byron
Visit Of Lord Byron. In The Year 1825, July 28th, A Party From The "blonde" Visited The Crater, Lord George Anson Byron Being The Leader. Others Were Rev. C. C. Stewart And Lieut. Malden, The Historians, And R. Dampier, The Artist. The Lint Used By The Company Was Situated Upon ...
Volcanic Ash Of Hawaii
Volcanic Ash Of Hawaii And Its Source. The District Of Kau Between Puna And Kona Is Proverbially Dusty. The Floor Is Of Modern Lava, Covered Over An Area Of Three Hundred Square Miles With A Light Yellowish Dust. Mountain Torrents Have Washed Away Some Of It, Revealing Basalts Just Be ...