COCK-9PUR THORN; HAWTHORN (Cratcegua Linn.). 15 to 25 feet. Small tree, with rigid, stout, spread ing branches and twigs with straight, unbranched thorns, 3 to 4 inches long, or on older limbs 6 to 8 inches long, and set with slim, lateral spines. Bark gray or brown, scaly. Wood brownish red, hard, fine, heavy, takes fine polish; used for tool-handles, levers and for fuel. Leaves thick, leathery, polished, dark green above, paler beneath, 1 to 4 inches long, obovate, acute or rounded and serrate at the apex; plain margined below the middle and tapering to the stout petiole. Autumn colors, orange and scarlet. Flowers May to June, after leaves, in loose, many-flowered corymbs; white, fragrant, I inch across, smooth petals and sepals, 5 each, stamens 10, anthers rose-colored; styles 2, hairy. Fruit almost globular,
inch long, dull red, with dry, thin, mealy flesh, ripe in October, hanging until spring; calyx lobes dry and spreading at "blos som end"; nutlets 2, full and rounded at ends, with prominent, grooved ridge on the back, i inch long. Dist.: Rich soil, Montreal to southern Michigan; New York State to Penn sylvania; along foothills to North Carolina. Planted for ornament and as a hedge plant in Europe and America.