The whole of the half breadths are to the outside edge of plank, so that, in building from them, allowance should be made for the thick ness of the plank at every section (see dotted lines (2), (5), Fig. E) ; thickness of deck in the heights is included; therefore, in making the building moulds 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, the thickness of deck should be deducted from the heights above water-line.
We next come to the internal arrangements and disposition of the weights ; here the starting point must be the man and his luggage. The backboard has been placed at 1 ft. 9in. abaft the centre of length ; a space has then been left, for reasons which will appear in due course, and the fore end of the luggage compartment is found at 3ft. aft of midships ; forward is placed a small light centre-board, which should be of sheet steel or thin galvanised iron ; and with the mainmast at 2ft. in from the stem, and the mizen at 2ft. from the stern, a good balance will be found to exist with sails of 32.5 and 19.5 square feet. Either a tent may be carried, or the owner.may sleep on board, the foot steering rod of course being unshipped for such work ; the tent, with cooking gear " made up" inside, can be stowed under the after hatch (w).
When sailing, the backboard beam j is removed, and the after hatch is clewed round, and its after end is tucked under the after end of the fore hatch, or it is shipped over the locker lid ; the canoeist then reclines at full length, with the tent roll for a pillow. This alters the trim and puts the canoe down by the stern about 2in., which brings the centre of lateral resistance aft, and gives a good balance for sailing, and the deeply immersed rudder holds a powerful sway over the movements of the craft. The rudder is fitted with two gudgeons, which when it is down rests on top of the two lower gudgeons on the sternpost band ; a pin through these four gudgeons, and is held by a gudgeon at the head of the stern band, of larger bore ; in this gudgeon, which is wormed, the head of the pin, which is also wormed for about a quarter of an inch, is screwed. A hauling line, which is fast to an eyebolt at one side of stern head, is rove through the sheave (t), and through a block or sheave fastened on the other side of the stern head, and then leads in to hand. The rudder is then liftable, and in the case of grounding,
fouling weeds, backing astern, carrying over, going down rapids, and the like, the rudder should be hauled up until the upper rudder gudgeon comes in contact with the stern head gudgeon ; in carrying over, or in any work out of water, it will be better to take the rudder off entirely.
The following mode of building is recommended : East India teak or pitch pine for the keel, mahogany for stem and stern posts, mahogany or oak planking for Nos. 1, 2, and 3 planks (Fig. C), and cedar for Nos. 4, 5, and 6; red pine shelf (under deck edge inside, Fig. C) ; sawn oak timbers cut from " crooked " pieces, with grain following round—cross grain being worthless—at stations 2, 4, 6, 10, and 12, and at 4in. and lft. 8in. abaft a section (Fig. A), and intermediate timbers, at 8in. apart, of steamed bent American elm ; deck in six pieces—viz. : two half fore decks from forward to fore end of well, and aft two half decks coming from aft to bulkhead, of cedar ; the two side decks (i) of mahogany ; the seams of deck at middle line (f) and at ends covered by a tin. beading.
The most successful mode of planking is the "ribband carvel," details of which were given on page 412. The ribband, however, in the present canoe may be even smaller, and be either of oak, American elm, or even cedar ; the planking should be not less than tin. in any part, and the garboards should be screwed to the keel with brass screws at most 4in. apart, and the hood ends or plank at stem rabbet should all be screwed.
The building moulds must have notches cut in them as the planking goes on, to admit the ribbands ; the sawn timbers are fitted and notched so as to fit close over the ribbands and on to the plank, and should be about tin. sided, and in. moulded depth, with the inboard edges rounded away. The steamed American elm ribs are fin. by Sin., and may be screwed to the ribbons or through-fastened.
The centre-board case should be of light construction, and should, with the slot in the keel, be no wider than is necessary for the centre place. No trouble should be spared to ensure the case being water-tight.