The top of the keel is shown by c.
In the Body Plan (Fig. 89) the diagonal a cuts the base line at m and m, 2ft. 5Iin. from the middle vertical line o; and at a 1 the diagonal cuts o 3M. above the load water-line w.
The diagonal b cuts the perpendiculars p p on the second water-line as shown, and cuts the middle vertical line o at b 1, at a distance of 10in. above the load water-line w.
The diagonal line c cuts the perpendiculars p p 94in. above the load water-line w, and cuts the middle vertical line o at c 1, at a height of lft. 7iin. above the load water-line w.
The buttock line d is 10in. from the middle vertical line o (Body Plan), and the buttock line f 1 ft. 3in. from the middle vertical line o.
The vertical sections are 3ft. 6in. apart, and No. 1 section is 2ft. 2in. from the fore side of the stem plumb with load water-line. The water-lines are 5in. apart.
The counter is 4ft. 6in. long, measured from aft side of sternpost or transom at e to g. (See Sheer Plan and Half-Breadth Plan.) The keel is sided amidships 3in., tapering to 2iin. at the ends. The keel is gin, deep, 6in. of which is worked inside, and 2in. outside below the rabbet.
The transom (7 station) is solid, 1 din. thick.
The frames are 1 iin. sided, 2in. moulded at heels of floors, and tapering to lin. at timber heads. Three bent or steamed frames come between each pair of stations shown on the Sheer Plan.
The stem and stern posts are 2iin. sided.
The foremast is stepped 5ft. from the fore side of the stem ; the mainmast 16ft. Sin. from the fore side of the stem.
The sails of the Elaine are slightly different to those of the other lugs in use on the Mersey, as they are cut with an excessive roundness to the head (see Plate XIV.). On a plan common in Callao and Monte Video it is recommended as a good expedient for making a sail sit flat. The head of the fore lug of the Elaine has as much as 19in. round, and the yard was bent to nearly fit the sail, or to the extent of 15in. (The yard could be bent by being balanced over a beam with a weight at either end, or it could be shored down at either end, for a week or two.) The sail has never puckered along the yard in consequence of excessive round in the head, nor has it ever shaken in the leech ; in fact, it sits like a drum-head.
The yard is 3iin. in diameter at the centre, and tapers well towards the ends. A rock-elm batten, lin. thick and tapering at the ends, is made to fit the yard by grooving, and runs nearly the whole length of the yard, and is secured to it by lashings or lacings. The yard should be made longer than at first required, as the head of the sail frequently requires pulling out.
The foremast is 4iin. in diameter ; it is fixed into a clamp at the after side of the fore thwart ; it is stayed with two light wire shrouds set up with lanyards to the gunwales. The purchase to the jib and purchase to the bobstay hold the mast forward.
The fore halyards are single 2iin. rope, leading through a sheave in the centre of the mast, and the yard is hoisted " chock-a-block," the heel or lower part of the yard being kept to leeward. There .is a traveller on the mast, as shown in Fig. 90; a is the mast; b is the traveller; c is a hook (a solid weld on the traveller), with an eye at d, to which the halyard is eye-spliced, seized or bent; e is a selvedge strop round the yard y, just long enough to have a thimble seized in it, to take the hook at c; f is the sheave in the mast; g is the halyard, but not hauled taut.
The tack of the sail is set down by a gun-tackle purchase, or double purchase, leading from an eye-bolt on the keelson of the boat ; as it takes two or three hands to bowse the tack down with a gun tackle purchase. Unless the luff of the sail is kept taut, the peak drops and lets the boom down, but never inconveniently or harmfully, and a small pull on the mainsheet puts the matter right. However, there can be no doubt that the peak, if possible, should be kept well set up, and a taut luff will generally succeed in doing this. The tack, tack cringle, and luff rope of the sail must be very strong, to stand the enormous strain put upon it. The head of the sail must be very tightly laced, and the lacing holes are best sewn, instead of " eyeleted." The boom is fitted to the mast by a goose-neck, made to ship and unship without collar, nut, or pin ; the fall of the tack tackle, being generally belayed round the boom at the mast, keeps the boom in its place.