Examples

EXAMPLES Or PLAIN CONCRETE ARON CULVERTS. Penn sylvania Lines. Fig.

171 shows the cross section of a 3- by 3-ft. plain concrete arch culvert built by t h e Pennsylvania Lines on a coal branch in southern Indiana.* The section is lighter than is commonly built by railroads (for example, see 172), but in this case it seems to have been sufficiently strong.

shows the complete drawings of a standard 3- by 4-ft. arch culvert of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. t The following are notes from the official drawing. "1. The foundations are not to be shallower than shown, but are to be carried deeper if necessary. 2. Old railroad rails are to be used where soft material is found; and, where splicing is necessary, they are to be fully bolted with two angle bars, and the joints in adjoining rails are to be staggered. 3. The back of the arch is to be coated with straight-run coal-tar pitch * inch thick. 4. All exposed corners and edges are to be rounded to 1-inch radius." is the standard 6-foot plain concrete arch culvert on the Carolina, Clinchfleld, and Ohio Rail way.* The depth of foundations shown is the minimum. The

down-stream wings may be either straight or flared. Notice that the inside face of the side wall ("bench wall") has the same batter as the face of the wing.

Erie Railroad.

Fig. 174, page 598, shows the standard 10-ft. arch culvert of the Erie Railroad.* Notice that the inside face of the wing wall is vertical. The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, the Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railway, and the Union Pacific Railroad have a somewhat similar standard.* Illinois Central. Fig. 175 shows the standard 16-foot plain concrete culvert of the Illinois Central Railroad. t Notice that the inside face of the wing and of the bench wall are both battered. The wings shown are flared, but this road also builds straight wings. The top face of the wing is sloped, but the road also builds stepped wings. This road also builds culverts with a straight head wall parallel to the track.

Porto Rico Highway.

Fig. 176, page 600, shows the form of plain concrete highway culvert constructed by the Engineer Corps, U. S. A., in Porto Rico.4