In the design and selection of doors care most be taken that the panels are so di Hied that the lock, in its normal position, ?? ill not cut off the tenon of the rail but will come opposite a panel.
(Fig. The rails of a door are always tenoned into the outside stiles, and if there is a middle stile it is tenoned into the rails (Fig.
tia), so that the tenon at A is an important factor in the strength of the door and is often weakened or destroyed by being cut for the lock.
hardware of Doors. The hanging and fitting of the doors is a matter of great nicety and should he intrusted only to careful work men. The hardware for an onlinary door will consist of the hinges, or "butts", the lock, knob.; and escutcheon plates. Double doors will need in addition bolts for the stand ing part. Sliding doors will he hung on it "hanger", and the fittings must necessarily be flush to allow the door to slide into the wall. The specification of hardware for doors is often made a matter of an allowance, either at a certain price per door, or a sum is named to cover all the hardware of the doors, leaving the selection to the architect or owner. The latter method has been employed in our case and the architect 's knowledge will become necessary in guiding the owner to a proper selection at the dealer's, rather than exercising an inspection of hardware at the building. In the selection of hinges the choice of material will be principally between solid bronze or brass, or plated, japanned or lacquered iron or steel. If of solid metal the best quality only should be used, with steel washers and bearings, as the soft metal will otherwise wear out from the swinging of the door. _Modern door hinges are invariably made in parts, to allow of the door being removed without unscrewing the hinge, and this is complished by two methods, the joint butt and the loose-pin butt. The former consists of a hinge made in two parts (Fig. 84), of which the part taining tire pin is screwed to the door frame and the other part to the door; this allows of the door with its half of the binge being lifted off if desired. With the loose pin butt (Fig. 85) the door is removed by drawing out the pin and slipping the hinges apart. . Loose
pin butts are becoming of more general use than formerly and possess some vantages. In the first place, the bearing surfaces are multiplied, and the pin being separate from the leaves allows of its being made of harder metal.
Again, as either leaf can he fastened to the door or jamb, the same hinge may be used for a right-hand or a left-hand door, and the fact that the pin may be withdrawn al lows of opening the door even when locked. This may sometimes be a disadvantage and should be borne in mind in using doors which open out of a room which must be made secure Locks. The of door locks is so great that mention can be made only of some of the distinguish ing features According to their construction, locks are generally either "tumbler locks" or "cylinder locks", and according to their position on the door are either "rim locks" or "mortise lochs". Tumbler locks are the nrdlllar\ kind of lock operated by a long key (Fig. SG), and depend upon tum blers or levers which are raised by the ke} to an exact position before the bolt can be thrown. Cylinder locks consist of two cylin ders, a small cylinder rotating inside of a larger one and only turning when a key of the proper shape and size is inserted. (Fig. 87.) Cylinder locks are not so easy to pick as tumbler locks, and there is less danger of an accidental exchange of keys, so that they are recommended for outside doors or wherever special security is desired. "Him" and "mortise" locks differ only in the form of the case, rim locks being made to screw on the face of the door (Fig. SS), and mortise locks are let into the edge of the door (Figs. 86 and 87), the inside construction of both being the same. For ordinary house use, a three lever lock with brass or bronze face is good enough, but a cylinder lock may be used to advantage for the outside doors. The latch and lock will generally be found in combination and may be used with a long plate covering both knob and keyhole, or with a separate treat ment of the keyhole by means of an (Fig. SO.) Whatever treatment of escutcheon plate is adopted, the knobs and spindle will be the same and may be selected of a variety of materials and shapes.