Measurement lines are put on in red, and should locate all bearing walls and all columns and each piece of steel. Beams are located by their center lines ; measurements to a channel should go to the back. Channels placer.'_ against ,t masonry wall are generally put with their backs one-half inch away from the wall.
Tie rods arc not located by dimensions on the plans except in special cases where a rod must come in a definite position to escape some other member.
The size of beams are marked along the line indicating the beam. In eases where there are a number of beams in the same bay of the same size, it is better to use the symbol " do " or write the size once and indicate on the drawing.
Each piece is given a number. The pieces may be numbered consecutively or it is the practice in some cases to give the same number to all beams which are identical as regards size and detail. In all cases, the number or letter which serves to identify the piece should be put on conspicuously as this is what should be easily seen when using the plan.
The size of bearing plates should be specified either at the wall end of the beam or by a general note, giving the sizes of plates for different sizes of beams.
The general notes should also give the letter designating the floor as " A " for first floor, " B " for second floor, etc.
The grade of underside of all beams should be given in the body of the plan or by general notes and the relations of tops or bottoms of all beams to each other and to the finished floor line.
Sections should he made showing the framing over windows and of all special connections, and the relation of the different members to each other. In short, the setting plan must be a com plete and final expression of all the data which has been gleaned from the general plans and specifications, and mast be a guide to the shop man and the man at the job in fabricating, shipping, and putting the frames together.
Beams are generally marked this : "A-No.125," or " ll-No. 56 ; " the lowest tier of beams being given the first letter in the alphabet, and so on in order, or First Floor No. 125, Fourth Floor No. 56, and so on, Columns are generally marked " 1st Section No. 10 " or " 3rd
Section No. 5." Columns are sometimes made in only one story lengths but more often in two. They are sometimes marked thus : Col. No. 10 (0-2) or Col. No. 5 (4-6).
The joint in a line of columns should come just above the connection of the floor beams.
II or Shop Invoices. These are detailed schedules sent out by the mill when shipments are made. They give the desig nation of the piece with its weight and all connections and the mill marks, also the marks identifying it on the setting plan. These invoices are valuable as showing just what material has been shipped and in what car and on what date, and also serve to fix the weight when this is made the basis of payment. A form of invoice used by the mills of the Carnegie Steel Company is given by Fig. 149.
Estimating. In making an estimate of the cost of steel work, the basis is always the weight of steel of different kinds. This is determined by taking from the general or framin, plans a detailed schedule of each piece of steel. As framing plans are always shown to a small scale and include only the general features of the framing, this work requires special training before it can be done accurately and in the most efficient manner.
In taking off quantities, the estimator generally scales the lengths as these are not usually given by figures. A test of measurements given by the general plans should be made when possible, to see how nearly to scale the drawings are made. A close estimate should not vary much more than 21% or 3% from the actual weight, so it will be seen that considerable care is necessary.
Individual estimators have different methods of separating the different classes of material.
The following are the general divisions of material: I. Beams and channels 15 inches and under.
(a). Plain beams and channels.
(b). Beams and channels, punched two or more sizes of holes in web.
(d). Beams and channels, punched in web and flanges.
(e). Framed beams and channels.
(f.) Framed and coped beams and channels.
II. Beams and channels 18 inches and above.
The above divisions apply also to these sizes of beams and channels.