113. Closer intercolumniations are generally used on monu mental work of large scale, while that of a more domestic character requires a wider spacing of columns for practical utilitarian pur poses. During the Renaissance, the custom of placing columns in couples and taking each couple as a unit for working out the colonnade, was first adopted and has since, especially in France, been much employed. In modern practice the columns are placed less by rule than to satisfy file. eye and the judgment of the designer. It must be remembered, however, that the axes of the columns must always be in accord with certain members of the entablature above, such triglyphs, dentils, or modillions, and also that, under a pediment, the columns themselves should be even in number.
114. A portico forming the front facade of an edifice, when them are not more than seven intercolumniations, may be crowned by a triangular gable or pediment which forms the roof of the porch.
115. A pediment is placed above the cornice of the entabla ture and is formed by two sloping cornices which are joined at the angles to the horizontal cornice. The crowning cyma-recta or cavetto follows the sloping cornice and is omitted from the hori zontal cornice below the face of the pediment. The triangular
face which is found between the three cornices corresponds in plane with the frieze of the entablature and is called the "tympa num" of the pediment. . .
The height of a pediment is determined as follows. In Fig. 20 let A be the point in which the axis of the pediment intersects the highest line of the horizontal cornice. With this point as a center and with a radius equal to one-half the width of the pediment, draw a semi-circle below the pediment as shown in the figure. This semicircle intersects the axis of the pediment at the point B. With B as a center and with a radius equal to the distance from B to C (the extreme outside point of the horizontal cornice) draw an arc above the cornice. The point D, in which this arc intersects the axis, will be the highest point or "peak" of the pediment. Draw the lines DC and DE and the outline of the pediment will be complete. • Iri plate XXXIII is represented a portico of the Ionic Order with three intercolumniations which forms the front of an edifice intended for a hall or temple. The plan is a parallelogram of which the front or portico occupies one of the smaller sides.