WRANGEL, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH ERNST, COUNT VON (1784-1877), Prussian general field marshal, was born at Stettin, on April 13, 1784. He entered the Prussian army in 1796 and distinguished himself in the campaigns against Napoleon. He was in command of the i3th Division, with headquarters at Munster, in Westphalia, in 1834, when riots occurred owing to differences between the archbishop of Cologne and the crown, and the determination and resolution with which he treated the clerical party prevented serious trouble. He was promoted lieutenant general, received many honours from the court, enjoyed the con fidence of the Junker party, and commanded successively at Konigsberg and Stettin. In 1848 he commanded the II. Corps of the German Federal army in the Schleswig-Holstein campaign, was promoted general of cavalry, and won several actions. In the autumn he was summoned to Berlin to suppress the riots there. As governor of Berlin and commander-in-chief of the Mark of Brandenburg (appointments which he held till his death) he pro claimed a state of siege, and ejected the Liberal president and members of the Chamber. Thus on two occasions in the troubled
history of Prussian revival Wrangel's uncompromising sternness achieved its object without bloodshed. In 1856 he was made a field marshal. At the age of eighty he commanded the Austro Prussian army in the war with Denmark in 1864. The prestige of his name, and the good work of his subordinates, made the campaign a brilliant success. After the capture of Diippel he resigned the command, was created a count, and received other honours. In 1866 "Papa" Wrangel assisted in the Bohemian cam paign, but without a command on account of his great age. He took a keen interest in the second reorganization of the cavalry arm 1866-187o, and in the war with France in 187o-71. He died at Berlin on Nov. 2, 1877.
See supplement to Militiir. Wochenblatt (1877), and lives by von Kiippen and von Maltitz (Berlin, 1884).