America, South.—The zoological gardens at Buenos Aires are supported by the municipality. At Para, Brazil, is a good collec tion attached to the Museum Goeldi, and there are less important collections at Rio de Janeiro, Lima and Bahia.
Asia.—There are many small collections in different parts of Asia, but the only garden of great interest is at Alipore, Calcutta, supported chiefly by gate-money and a donation from the Govern ment, and managed by an honorary committee. It was established in 1875 by the government of Bengal.
Australia and New Zealand.—There are zoological gardens at Melbourne (founded 1857), Adelaide, Sydney and Perth, and small gardens at Wellington, New Zealand.
Europe.—There are a large number of zoological gardens in Europe, but those of real importance are not numerous. The garden and large menagerie of the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp were founded in 1843, and have been well maintained. The gardens of the Zoological Society of London in Regent's park, founded in 1826, extend to only about 35ac., but the collec tion, if species and rare animals be considered rather than the number of individuals, has always been the finest in existence. It has been a pioneer in modem methods, such as radiant heat, artificial sunlight and adequate ventilation. In 1931 it opened an open air "Zoo" of nearly sooac. at Whipsnade in the Chilt erns, 3om. from London. The Royal Zoological Society of Ire land, founded in 183o, maintains a fine collection in the Phoenix park at Dublin, and has been specially successful in the breeding of lions. The Bath, Clifton and West of England Zoological So ciety owns zoological gardens, well situated on the edge of Clifton Downs. The new zoological park near Edinburgh occupies an ex
tensive and beautiful site and has specialized in open air dis plays. The Zoologisk Have at Copenhagen, founded in 1859, con tains a good collection, with a specially well-designed monkey house. At Lyons and at Marseilles in France there are beautifully situated gardens with small collections, in each case owned and controlled by the municipalities. In Paris there are two well-known gardens. That of the Jardin des Plantes founded in 1793, is under the control of the museum authorities. It is open free to the pub lic and generally contains a good collection of mammals. The larger and better known Jardin d'Acclimatation in the Bois de Boulogne is owned and conducted by a private company, but since the World War has fallen into decay. Germany contained in 1914, 20 zoological gardens, most of which have recovered pros perity since the World War. The great Gardens, Berlin, was founded in 1844, and belongs to a private company. The collection is extremely good. The gardens at Cologne, founded 186o, con tain many interesting features, in particular one of the finest aviaries in Europe. The gardens of the Zoological Society of Ham burg, founded in 1863, contain a fine collection and display many ingenious devices for the housing of the animals. More recently C. Hagenbeck constructed a remarkable zoological park at Stel lingen. The best-known gardens in Holland are at Amsterdam, owned by the society "Natura Artis Magistra." In addition to the menagerie, founded in 1838, the society owns a fine aquarium, and supports a museum and library. The garden at Rotterdam is also of high interest.