Before the entrance of the Gotha is the island of Wingoe, with a very high light-house. The south point of the bay of Skelder is formed of a mass of rocks, lying at the entrance of the Sound, named Kullen ; this mass projects far into the sea, and on the highest point, 200 feet above the sea, is a fire tower. On the Swedish shore of the Sound are se veral villages of little consequence. Helsingburgh, which is the usual crossing-place to Elsineur, is the only one deserving of notice. Four leagues to the southward is Landscrona, a small and ill-sheltered port, 'iith 20 feet water ; it is a staple town. The next port is Malmoe, which has a considerable trade, though its harbour is not capable of receiving ves sels of any considerable burden. To the south are Skanor and k•lsterbo, on the peninsular point, which forms the entrance of the Sound from the Baltic. Close to the latter is afire tower, to direct vessels clear of a large reef, which runs off from the point. The first Swedish ports on the Baltic of any -consequence are Christiansted and Carlshanin ; the first is situated on the Helge, which empties itself into a gulf that separates the provinces of Schonen and Blekingen ; the latter has 40 trading vessels engaged in foreign voyages ; its principal export is potash, which is es teemed of superior quality. They are both staple towns. The principal part of the town of Cariscrona is built on the Island of Trosee ; the rest of it on se veral rocky islets joined to the main by bridges. It is a staple town, and has about 40 vessels employed in foreign trade ; the port is capable of holding 100 sail of the line ; on one of the islands is a dock for four sail of the line. Carlserona is the principal sta tion of the Swedish navy. The Strait of Calmar, which is from two to three leagues broad, separates the mainland from the Island of CEland. Near the middle of the strait stands the town of Calmar, which, though not a staple, has a considerable trade, and vessels from 100 to 800 tons belonging to it. North of Calmar are several small towns on the coast, one of which, Westerwic, has some shipbuilding. In East Gothland, the province which lies to the north of Smaland on the Baltic are two considerable gulfs, Slcetbacken and Browick. On the river Motala, which falls into the latter, -stands the staple town of Nordkoeping, from which are exported considerable quantities of iron, iron-cannon, and copper, though its port can receive vessels only of light burden. From 300 to 400 enter it annually; SO or 40 trading vessels belong to it. North of the entrance of a Sound, which communicates with lake Mselar by a canal, is Landsort Island, where is a light, and from whence ships take pilots for Stockholm.
Stockholm is built on seven or eight islands and peninsulas, at the entrance of Lake Mtelar; the channel is 12 leagues long, very winding, and ter minates in a basin capable of holding 1000 ships. The largest island, on which the city stands, forms two channels, through which the waters of the lake rush out with great impetuosity.
The only ports of any consequence in the pro vince of Upland, are Grislehatnn, opposite the islands of Aland, where travellers embark or take sledge for Abo, and CEregrund. on an island in the channel of Aland, from which the iron from the founderies of Danemora is exported : formerly it went chiefly to England, where it was converted into steel. From Celle, a staple town on both sides of a river of the same name, are exported considerable quantities of iron, planks, tar, and potash ; its imports are corn and salt. The smaller Wands in the Baltic, belong ing to Sweden, have already been noticed ; besides them there are Huen, (Bland, and Gottland. Huen lies in the Sound, four miles from Landscrona, three from the nearest point of Sweden, and four from the nearest point of Zealand; it is about six miles in circumference; (Eland is separated from the coast of East Gothland by the Strait of Calmar ; the east coast of the island is bold and clear, but the west is dangerous for mariners. Between (Eland and a group
of rocks, is the southern channel into the Strait of Calmar. Nearly in the middle of the strait is a rock, almost perpendicular, 240 feet high, surrounded by reefs. Gottland, which is 18 leagues from the near est point of Sweden, and about the same distance from Courland, is 20 leagues long, and seven at its greatest breadth. The shore of it, in some places, is nearly perpendicular, in other places, it ascends gra dually. Wisby, the capital, is boil[ on the west coast ; at present its port can receive only a few small vessels. Slitehamn, on the east of the island, is one of the best ports in the Baltic, and is defended by the fort of Carlebelt.
The coasts, rivers, gulfs, and principal commer cial ports of the south and east of the Baltic, arc next to be described ; and, beginning at the entrance from the German Ocean, those of Denmark first present themselves. The north point of Jutland, in the Scaw, is surrounded by a reef several leagues in extent, and on its extremity is a lighthouse, 64 feet above the level of the sea. The north and east coasts of this peninsula are generally low; the north ern extremity is composed of sands, which are often conveyed by whirlwinds to a great distance, and do considerable damage. In order to fix them, a variety of plants, particularly the Elymus armories, sea lime grass, are sown. The east coasts of Sleswick and Hol stein descend gently to the sea. On all these coasts there are numerous gulfs and bays ; the first towards the north, is theLimfiord, which nearly divides the pe ninsula of Jutland, being separated from the German Ocean only by a sandy isthmus, three or four miles broad ; another arm of it advances southward to the town of Wybowrgh, a length of about 80 or 90 miles; its entrance is two miles wide, but afterwards it be comes greatly wider ; sands that very sensibly in crease, and masses of granite, obstruct its entrance. In Jutland, there are also the Gulfs of Mariager, and Randers, and several bays. In Sleswick, on the Baltic side, are the Gulfs of Colding, Flens borgh, and Slie, which resembles a great river, and Ekernefiord ; in Holstein are the Gulfs of Kid, which separates this province from Sleswick, and of Lubec, and the bay of Colbergh. The Guden is the chief river in Jutland, which falls into the Baltic, at the Gulf of Randers, after a course of 40 miles ; its navigation has been recently improved.
From the Scaw to the entrance of the Gulf of Limfiord, there are only small towns, chiefly inha bited by fishermen and pilots. On the north shore of the entrance of Limfiord is the fort' of Hale, where vessels, of too great depth to ascend higher, discharge their cargoes ; on the south shore, four leagues and a half from the sea, is Aalborg, the chief town of Jutland. It possesses considerable com merce, its exports being corn, cattle, and fish, and 60 or 70 trading vessels belonging to it. Frederica, which stands on a promontory at the entrance of the Little Belt, has an inconvenient and badly sheltered port ; the merchant-vessels passing through the Little Belt pay toll here. Colding, at the head of the gulf of the same name, which separates Jutland and Sleswick, is a commercial town, and has a port of two miles in chtuit, and of depth for the largest vessels. The trade of Sleswick, which stands at the head of the gulf of Slie, has much declined : the entrance to its port being filled up with sand, a canal has been cut into it.