Explanation

Figs. B. and

4. represent a large close copper. AA is the copper, and B the pan placed over it. The copper has a large tube E rising up from the dome of it, to convey the steam ; and from the top of this, four inclined pipes R descend, the ends being immersed beneath the surface of the water or wort contained in the pan. By this means the steam which rises from the copper issues from the ends of the pipes R, and rises in bubbles through the liquor in the pan, so as to heat it. In the centre of the copper is a perpendicular spindle a, which, at the lower end, has arms dd fixed projecting from it, and is turned round by a cog-wheel 6 at the upper end. From the arms dd, chains are hung in loops, which drag round upon the bottom of the copper. when the axis is turned ; and this motion stirs up the hops, to keep them from burning to the bottom : fg is a chain and roller to draw up the spindle a, when the rowser is not wanted ; and ee are iron braces pro ceeding from the outside of the copper, to retain the axis a firmly in the centre of the copper. D is the waste-pipe for carrying off the steam into the chim ney, when it is not required to heat the liquor in the pan. The copper represented in the• drawing is made in the same manner as usual ; but the fire is applied beneath it in a manner very different from the common brewing.coppers. The method was de vised with a view to the burning or consuming the smoke : and was employed in the brewery of Messrs Meux and Company, London, about the year 1803.

The fire place is divided into two by a wall ex tended beneath the bottom of the boiler, as shown by Z in the Ilan, fig. 4. where the dotted circle A represents the bottom of the copper, and the circle X its largest.part. The section in fig. 3. shows on ly one of these . fire•places, of which C is the fire grate ; the raw coal is. not thrown in through, the ire door in the manner .of comma furnaces, bat is put into a narrow inclined bolt of cast-iron h, built' in the brick-work, and shaped like a hopper the coals contained in this hopper fill it up, and stop the entrance of the air so as to answer the purpose of a door ; and the coals at the lowest part or mouth of the hopper, are brought into a state of ignition be fore they are forced forwards into the furnace, which is done by introducing a rake or poker at i, just be neath the lower end of the hopper h, and forcing the coals forwards upon the grate bars C. Immediately over the hopper h, a narrow passage is left to a stream of fresh air along the top of the hopper to pass over the surface of the fuel, which is burning at the lower end of the hopper h. By this means the smoke rising from that portion of fuel, is carried forwards over the burning coals upon the grate C, and is thereby consumed. Beyond the grate bars c, a breast wall 9 is erected, to direct the flame up wards, against the bottom of the boiler A, and thence descending under the bottom, the flame is received into the flues, which make each a half turn round the lower part of the 'copper, as shown in the plan at t t, and then enter the chimney or perpendicular flue W at the same point ; the entrance being regu lated by a damper to make the draught more or less intense. There is also a sliding door or damper E,

which closes up 'the lower part of the chimney, and by means of these two dampers the fire under the copper can be regulated to the greatest precision; for by opening the damper F it admits the cold air to- enter immediatelrinto the chimney, W, and thus take off the rapidity of the draught ; and, at the same time, by closing the dampers from the flues into the chimney, the intensity of the draught through the fire is checked, which is very necessary to be done when the contents of the copper are drawn off'. Immedi ately over the fire-grate c, an arch of fire-bricks or stone, 8, is placed beneath the bottom of the copper, to defend it from the intense heat. The chimney is supported on iron columns RR. Behind the fire grate c, is a cavity, r, for the reception of the masses of scoriae which are always formed in se large a fire. They are pushed back of the grate into this receptacle with an iron hook; as fast as they accumulate. The bottom of this receptacle is formed of doors, which can be opened by draw ing them out, and in this way the clinkers are dis charged ; or the•whole of the fire may be driven back off the grate into this cavity, and will then fall through into the ash-pit and be removed from the copper, which is very necessary to be done when the copper is to be cooled, so that men may descend into it to clean out the sediment which is left after boiling the wort, For a more particular description this method of setting boilers, see Philosophizit Magazine, Vol. XVII.

Fig. 6. represents one of the sluice-cocks which are used to make the communications of the pipes' with the pumps or other parts of the brewery. BB represent:the pipe in which the cock ir placed. The two parts of this pipe are screwed to the sides of a. box. CC, in which a .slider rises and intercepts at pleasure the passage of the pipe. Tke slider is moved by the rod a, which posses through a stalfiag•boa is the top, the boa which I contains the slider, and has the rack 6 fastened to it. The rack is moved by a pinion fixed upon the axis of a handle e, and the rack and pinion is contained in a frame d, which is supported by two pillars. The frame contains a small roller behind the rack, which bears it up towards, the pinion, and keeps its teeth up to the teeth of the pinion. The slider A is made to fit accurately against the internal surface of the box C, and it is made to bear against this surface by the pressure of a spring, so as to make a perfect ly close fitting.