cm, which may easily have been confounded by the Egyptians with the nominative. The final charac ters are merely the feminine termination. The en chorial text affords us a remarkable instance of the diversity which was allowed in the mode of repro, renting the same name. The first character has not the least resemblance to the basket; but the first and second together are very commonly used in the manuscripts, as a coarse representation of a boat, which was called BARI, or possibly BERE, for it is doubtful whether Kircher had any other authority than that of Diodorus for Bari; and the word HERE-. ZOUTS is used for another vehicle. The enchorial N may possibly have been derived from a horizontal line, turned up at one end; we have then the three dashes for the r, and the two angles seem to have answered to the icz, for a bird is not uncommonly scribbled in some such manner; so that we have either BAIUNICE or BERENICE, by a combination some what different from the former.
59 .. 65. The temple at Ombos was dedicated, as we find from the Greek inscription copied by Mr Hamilton, " in the name of the divine Ptolemy Philometer and Cleopatra, and their children, to Arueris Apollo, and the other gods of the temple, by the infantry and cavalry of the nome." We may, therefore, expect to find in it the names of these sovereigns, together with those of some or all of the earlier Ptolemies ; and, accordingly, we are able to determine, without difficulty, some epithets which seem to be characteristic of this and the two preced ing reigns; but, hitherto, nothing has been observ ed that can be considered as so clearly denoting either Philadelphus and his queen Arsine, or En. ergetes and his Berenice, although some assistance might have been derived, in identifying them, from the enchorial text of Rosetta. We have, however, in the same temple, a name, evidently compound, in which a basilisc is followed by two feathers and a bent line; and to judge from a comparison of the enchorial text with the manuscripts, a basilisc ought to be the emblem of EUERGETES; the part of the name preceding it is however, not Berenice, and must, therefore, in all probability, be ARSINOE, the daughter of Euergetes. But it seems impossible to attempt to compare the characters employed with the sounds ; since they sometimes occur in an in verted order, which the sounds could not do. In deed, the name seems to be very often repeated in situations where its most essential parts seem to be a quadrant of a circle, two feathers, and a bent or broken line ; in other places, as at Dendera, the bird, the hand, and the oval, are added ; and it is not impossible that the quadrant may have been meant as a representation of a lentil, which in Cop tic is ARSHIN, and which alone may have been suffi cient to identify the name. It occurs in the cele.
brated zodiac at Dendera, and very frequently at Philae, and it may, possibly, lead us very readily to discover the hieroglyphical name of Phi ladelphia. That of PH1LOPATOR IS satisfactorily ascertained by the assistance of the character em ployed for "father" in the Rosetta stone, though that character is much mutilated, and -could not have been positively determined without this coinci.
dence. The name is found in the temple at Edfou still more distinctly than at Ombos, and it occurs several times at Karnak. EPIPHANES is ver distinguished in any other inscription by the characters appropriated to him in that of Rosetta N. 121) ; but we continually find a synonymous emblem, which is employed in the Rosetta stone to signify " enlightening," where the Greek translation has EPIPHANES ; and this character, placed between two hatchets facing each other, can only have meant the " illustrious deity," or deities. In this form, the name occurs very frequently at Philae, and in the great temple at Edfou, where it seems to be the West name. For the PHILOMETORES, we have a character which occurs in some other monuments, and means apparently " mother," the name contain ing it being found several times in the temple at Ombos. At Kona, or Apollinopolis Pam, there is another Greek inscription of the Pbilometores and their children ; but m the hieroglyphics copied by Denon, the names of the sovereigns seem to be wanting, and that of a young prince only remains, a colossal statue of whom is figured by Montfaucon in his Supplement, having the same name in the belt, with the addition of "the son of King Ptolemy;" it will, therefore, be justifiable to distinguish this per sonage by calling him Cleopairides. The divine ho nours, which are so often attributed in these inscrip tions to the reigning sovereigns, afford us an expla. nation of the Greek inscriptions to the " Synthronous gods of Egypt," which repeatedly occur; and of the description " Fraternal gods," as, indeed, Philadel phus and his queen are called in the Greek inscrip tion of Rosetta.