Although the emigrations which have of late years taken place were manifestly occasioned by the total want of employment and subsistence, owing to the lamentable derangement of commerce, an outcry was, nevertheless, raised against the emigrants by those whom their happier destiny had enabled to remain at home. This is the more extraordinary, seeing that the country is crowded with labourers who cannot find employment, and that it is obvious, that, if there is too little either of subsistence or of employment, the emigration of those who require both to be em ployed and to be fed, will leave a greater supply for those who remain behind. Wherever there is a greater number of labourers than can be employed, —where wages are consequently low, and general distress prevails, emigration is precisely the most ef fectual remedy for the evil. In proportion as super fluous labourers are withdrawn from the over-crowd ed communities of Europe, those who are left behind will enter into more full employment and better pay, and will live comfortably, in place of starving as before. Whatever may become of the poor emi grants themselves, the country from which they emigrate must be benefited by the quantity of la bour thus withdrawn from the market. In place, therefore, of seeking to arrest the progress of emi gration, it would be wiser to encourage it, and rather to give facilities to those who wish to convey their labour from Europe, where the market is over stocked, to those countries where there is more demand for it. We are happy to add, that, in pursuance of
those maxims, a plan has lately (June 1819) been adopted by the British government for encouraging emigration to the Cape of Good Hope, and that a grant of L.50,000 has been voted by Parliament, to be laid out in carrying it into effect. A small deposit of money is required from the emigrant before leaving this country, which is returned to him on arriving at the Cape, with all his other ex pences.
land and the North of Germany, extending from 50d to 55° 45' N. Its figure is nearly triangidar, and its extent of coast is very great, both from being much indented, and from the sea bounding it on sides, except along a width of seventy miles on the Scottish border. The adjacent seas are the German Ocean on the east, St. George's Channel on the west, and the English Channel on the south. No country can be more fortunately situated ; its climate is tempe rate; its extent is sufficient for its political security; while its insular position not only presents the great est capabilities of aggrandizement in a commercial sense, but has, by rendering a great military force unnecessary, in all probability been the chief cause pf preventing the executive branch from usurping absolute power, as in the counties of the Conti nent.
Its superficial extent had long been a question of considerable doubt, and the different estimates varied no less than ten millions of acres. Mr Pitt,