North of Europe.—From Russia, our chief im. ports are hemp, flax, linen, timber, pitch, and tal. low - from the Swedish dominions, iron and timber; frorn Poland, wheat, timber, and potash; from Prus sia, wheat, timber, and flax. All these countries take our cottons, hardware, and colonial produce.
Central part of Europe.—From Holland, our im• ports are not foreign merchandise, as in the seven• teenth century, when the Dutch were the carriers of Europe, but agricultural produce,—oats, wheat, seeds, hemp, cheese, butter; also gin; the whole to a large amount: in return for which the Dutch take our hardware, cottons, and woollens. From lon France, our imports have been burdened with heavy duties ; still they are and increasing; am chiefly in wine and and, in a smaller msilk and lace. Germany, our chief intercourse is through the medium of Hol land and Hamburgh. Our exports are large, par ticularly in cottons, hardware, and colonial produce. Our imports are very various, partly of corn, flax, timber, linen, and wine, from the vicinity of the Rhine.
South of Europe.—Here we enter on countries of much less industry. From Portugal we take wine in very large, and fruit in smaller quantities, in re turn for our cottons, our woollens, and hardware. From Spain, wool is the great commodity received ; wine, brandy, oil, are imported in lesser quanti ties. Italy, without any commercial treaty, takes annually a portion of our manufactures, and gives in return silk, oil, and fruit. With the Levant, our traffic is similar, consisting in an export of manufac tures, particularly printed cottons and hardware, and of an import of silk, fruit, and drugs.
The United States are, notwithstanding our po litical antipathies, our gest customers, receiving from us manufactures of almost every kind, to a great amount, and sending us, in return, cotton, tobacco, rice, and flour. But the merchandise re ceived from them being far inferior to the value of our exports, the difference is paid by remittances in money, from the Continent of Europe, arising from American merchandise sold there. With South America, a wide field of commercial inter course will ere long be opened ; at present, the chief articles received from that vast region are, cotton, hides, indigo, and cochineal. The trade is, and will
long be, subject to the various disadvantages of a newly-settled country, bare of capital, deficient in industry, and possessmg but a small number of con sumers of Euean commodities in proportion to its extent and feraty.
Having, in the preceding section, given the ex ports of British produce and manufactures, it re mains to give those of colonial and foreign produce. To convey an idea of the relative value of Melva articles annually exported from Great Britain, we select a particular year.
We shall next show the average amoral amount dace the beginning of the late wars.
Average of the Fsport of Colonial and Produce froin Great Britain daring periods of Sir Year:: Real Value.
From 1793 to 1798. L10,756,875 - 1799 to 1804, 14,525,000 - 1805 to 1810, 18,012,916 To exhibit a comprehensive view of the export of both foreign and domestic merchandise, we add Average of the Total Exports from Great Britain in periods of Ten Years.
Real Value.
From 1761 to 1770, L21,652,650 - 1771 to 1780, 21,173,700 - 1781 to 1790, 27,769,100 -- 1791 to 1800, 40,890,300 - 1801 to 1810, 52,846,800 Since the the total exports have been as taking British goods at the value declared by the merchants, and in the case of foreign or colonial 25 per cent, to the official value: Value not 1814, L73,488,758 1815, 74,371,819 1816, . , 61,187,711 1817, 58,032,406 1818, 64,262,852 of our Exports sent to derjerent part: of the world.
To exhibit we take the not of re cent in which commerce has experienced such rapid but of the last year during the in which neutral intercourse was undis turbed.
Real Value.
To L7,032,272 To the Continent of 15,420,514 To the East Indies and 3,555,392 To the and the rest of Africa, 1,022,745 To the United 12,097,942 To the West Indies and other parts of America, 11,353,796 L.50,482,661 For the distribution of our commerce in a year of see the tabular statement of shipping for 1816.