The population of France, notwithstanding the in. terruption to industry, and the drains occasioned by the long wars, has increased since the commence ment of the Revolution. According to calculations made by the National Assembly in 1791, France con tained 26,363,074 inhabitants, and, in 1818, it con tained 29,327,388 within the same limits. (Young's Travels, 1. 479. Chaptal, I. 206.) This shows an augmentation of 4 in the 1000 annually ; but in a period of peace, the rate of increase must be much greater. The condition of the labouring classes also appears to be improved. Wages, which Arthur Young estimated at 19 sous or 10d. English per day, throughout the kingdom for all kinds of work, were estimated at Is. 50. per day, in 1814, by Mr. Birk beck, who considers this sum as equivalent to 2s. 11d. in England. The annual mortality, which was estimated at 1 in 30 by Neckar before the Revolu tion, we find stated recently to be 1 in 35. (Make Brun, Precis Geog. I I. 563.) According to returns made in 1815, there were then in France 22,300 primary schools, with 737,379 pupils. There were besides 368 secondary schools,
36 lycees, and 26 universities.
The public revenue of France was estimated, in the ways and means for 1819, at 889,209,500 francs, or L.35,568,000. The public debt is stated at L.127,000,000, and the interest at L.9,666,000. The army 140,000. The navy, 40 ships of the line and 30 frigates. The secular clergy, according to Crome (p. 214), amount to 51,300, with 700 francs each of salary, besides 50 bishops, and 9 archbishops, with 15,000 and 25,000 francs a-year. We cannot be lieve the number to be so great. The revenues of the church, calculated on this basis, would amount to L.1,475,000. Before the Revolution they amount ed to L.5,687,500, and lately we find them stated at 20,700,000 francs, or L.828,000 for 1817. (Public Journals; Young's Travels; Hassel.) Acquisitions of France in Territory and Population from the commencement of the Revolution to the Peace in 1815.
able variations, not sensibly affecting her whole extent of territory, or amount of population.