Relations 166 - coptic, sense, mean, arm, character and head

RELATIONS.

166. Two ovals, with a semicircle and an arm, very clearly signify IN ORDER THAT. The ovals seem to mean to or for, and the arm action or doing; as our own that seems to be allied to the German that, which means deed. The same combination of characters appears to denote, in another passage, to add to; and one of the ovals is sometimes omitted. The.Coptic may be either NINA or scene.

167. The symbols, employed in the sense

WHERE: EVER, seem to mean separately, at, in, one, or in, place, one; and transposing the two last, we may make a very good Coptic word Z-u-MA.

168, 169. The arm and' chain signify AND or AL: SO; and the oval sometimes takes place of the arm, without much variation of the sense; this combina tion is also found in the sense of with, or together with. The elementary ideas seem to be put, with, or add, with. Between the names of Ptolemy and Berenice at Karnak, the arm and chain are separate.

170. The half arch, or the fork, which is perfectly equivalent to it, followed by two curls and two semi circles, mean MOREOVER: the reduplication probably resembling that of many of the Coptic verbs, which generally imply a continued action.

171. The combination of the loop or sling, with two semicircles and three ovals, means very clearly LIKEWISE. The loop seems to represent a bucket, intended for one of a pair, to be carried on a pole, as they are frequently delineated in the tablets : so that it must mean a companion; and accordingly we find it in a very common epithet of a king, on obe liscs and elsewhere, with a circle and a bar, denot ing the companion of the sun, or simply resembling the sun. In the enchorial character for likewise, the symbols seem to be transposed, and the loop is doub. led.

172. An owl, signifying IN, seems to be nearly synonymous with the half arch, which is also some times to be understood in the sense of all: both these characters occur also in many instances where they can only be considered as marks of respect, and not very essential to the sense; and in this they resem ble the Coptic prefix ta, which is a particle not very distinctly intelligible, nor capable of being translated; it is also not a little remarkable, that the Id of Aker blad's alphabet is the enchorial character which an swers to both of these symbols. (See n. 123.) •

178, 174. A hare over two waved lines is employ ed, either alone, or together with a head, dash, circle, and dash, which have separately a similar sense, for urox, OVER, or at; and it is remarkable, that a si milar relation exists in Coptic between EHREl, and IWO ' • so or DCHO also meaning a head. The encho riall character, in some of its forms, is manifestly a coarse imitation of an animal. The head is always represented in the manuscripts, by a character near ly like a Greek z; and this may possibly have been the origin of the Coptic letter JANJIA, if it was de. rived from a hieroglyphic; but it is equally probable that it may have been intended fora combination of a delta and a chi.

175. A semicircle and an oval mean FOR, as re• lating to time.

176. A

ball, with two short appendages, one nar rower than the other, occurs several times on the Rosetta stone, and seems to have been intended for a head seen in profile, which is often found on other monuments. This character, together with a dash, seems to signify BY THE, or each; for instance, tverY year, or every month.

177. The hat, interposed between "an image" and 4f the king," can only mean or or FOR; it is otters substituted, in passages which are frequently repeat ed, for the waved line; each being probably equiva lent to the Coptic NTS, or rather N; which also some times makes an adjective of a substantive, as ?ma, golden, from NUB, gold. See n. 58, 83, 140.