(iv.) The Last Supper (xiii.–xvii.). (j) Solemn washing of the disciples' feet; the beloved disciple; designates the traitor; Judas goes forth, it is night (xiii. 1-3o). (k) Last discourses, first series (xiii. 31–xiv. 31) : the new commandment, the other helper; "Arise, let us go hence." Second series (xv. I–xvi. 33) : allegory of the true vine; "Greater love than this hath no man, that he lay down his life for his friend"; the world's hatred; the spirit of truth shall lead them into all truth; "I came forth from the Father and am come into the world, again I leave the world and go to the Father"; "Be of good cheer, I have overcome the world." (1) The high-priestly prayer (xvii.). "Father, glorify Thy Son . . . with the glory which I had with Thee before the world was . . . that to as many as Thou bast given Him, He should give eternal life." "I pray for them, I pray not for the world. I pray also for them that shall believe in Me through their word, that they may be all one, as Thou Father art in Me, and I in Thee." (v.) The Passion (xviii.–xix.). (m) In the garden : the Roman soldiers come to apprehend Him, fall back upon the ground at His declaration "I am He." Peter and Malchus. (n) Before Annas at night and Caiaphas at dawn; Peter's denials (xviii. 12-27). (o) Before Pilate (xviii. 28-40). Jesus declares, "My kingdom is not of this world. I have come into the world that I may bear witness to the truth : everyone that is of the truth, heareth My voice"; Pilate asks sceptically "What is truth?" and the crowd prefers Barabbas. (p) The true king presented to the people as a mock-king; His rejection by the Jews and abandon ment to them (xix. 1-16). (q) Jesus carries His cross to Gol gotha, and is crucified there between two others; the cross's title and Pilate's refusal to alter it (xix. 17-22). (r) The soldiers cast lots upon His garments and seamless tunic ; His mother with two faithful women and the beloved disciple at the cross's foot; His commendation of His mother and the disciple to each other; His last two sayings in deliberate accomplishment of scripture "I thirst," "It is accomplished." He gives up the spirit; His bones remain unbroken; and from His spear-lanced side blood and water issue (xix. 23-37). (s) The two nobles, Joseph of Arimathaea and Nicodemus, bind the dead body in a winding sheet with one hundred pounds of precious spices, and place it in a new monument in a near garden, since the sabbath is at hand.
(vi.) The risen Jesus, Lord and God (xx.). (t) At early dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalen, finding the stone rolled away from the monument, runs to tell Peter and the beloved disciple that the Lord's body has been removed. Peter and the other disciple run to the grave; the latter, arriving first, enters only after Peter has gone in and noted the empty grave clothes—enters and believes. After their departure, Mary sees two angels where His body had lain and turning away beholds Jesus standing, yet recognizes Him only when He addresses her.
He bids her "Do not touch Me, for I have not yet ascended," but to tell His brethren "I ascend to 1.1y Father and to your Father, to My God and to your God." And she does so. (u) Second appari tion (xx. 19-23). Later on the same day, the doors being shut, Jesus appears amongst His disciples, shows them His (pierced) hands and side, and solemnly commissions and endows them for the apostolate by the words, "As the Father hath sent Me, so I send you," and by breathing upon them saying "Receive the Holy Spirit: whose sins ye remit, they are remitted to them; whose sins ye retain, they are retained." (v) Third apparition and cul minating saying; conclusion of entire book (xx. 24-31). Thomas,
who had been absent, doubts the resurrection; Jesus comes and submits to the doubter's tests. Thomas exclaims, "My Lord and my God"; but Jesus declares "Blessed are they that have not seen and yet have believed." "Now Jesus," concludes the writer, "did many other signs, . . . but these are written, that ye may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing ye may have life in His name." This analysis is rough, since the sections, indeed the two parts themselves, are interrelated by delicate complex references ; also it omits the account of the adulteress (vii. 53–viii. I I )—a valu able report of an occurrence which probably belonged to some primitive document otherwise incorporated by the Synoptists because it is un-Johannine in vocabulary, style and character, intercepts the Gospel's thread wherever placed, and is absent from its best mss. It also omits xxi. This chapter's first two stages contain an important early historical document of Synoptic type : Jesus' apparition to seven disciples by the Lake of Galilee and the miraculous draught of fishes; and Peter's threefold con fession and Jesus' threefold commission to him. And its third stage, Jesus' prophecies to Peter and to the beloved disciple con cerning their future, and the declaration "This is the disciple who testifies to these things and who has written them, and we know that his testimony is true," is doubtless written by the redactor of the previous two stages. This writer imitates, but is different from, the great author of the first twenty chapters.