JONES, INIGO (1573-1651), English architect, sometimes called the "English, Palladio," the son of a cloth-worker, was born in London on July 15, 1573. It is stated that he was ap prenticed to a joiner, but at any rate his talent for drawing attracted the attention of Thomas Howard, earl of Arundel (some say William, 3rd earl of Pembroke), through whose help he went to study landscape-painting in Italy. His preference soon transferred itself to architecture, and, following chiefly the style of Palladio, he acquired at Venice such a reputation that in 1604 he was invited by Christian IV. to Denmark, where he is said to have designed the two great royal palaces of Rosenborg and Frederiksborg. In the following year he accompanied Anne of Denmark to the court of James I. of England, where, besides being appointed architect to the queen and Prince Henry, he was employed in supplying the designs and decorations of the court masques. After a second visit to Italy in 1612, Jones was ap pointed surveyor-general of royal buildings by James I., and was engaged to prepare designs for a new palace at Whitehall. In 1620 he was employed by the king to investigate the origin of Stone henge, when he came to the absurd conclusion that it had been a Roman temple. Shortly afterwards he was appointed one of
the commissioners for the repair of St. Paul's, but the work was not begun till 1633. Under Charles I. he enjoyed the same offices as under his predecessor, and in the capacity of designer of the masques he came into collision with Ben Jonson, who frequently made him the butt of his satire. Af ter the Civil War Jones was forced to pay heavy fines as a courtier and malignant. He died in poverty on July 5, 1651.
A list of the principal buildings designed by Jones is given in Dallaway's edition of Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, and for an estimate of him as an architect see Fergusson's History of Modern Architecture. The Architecture of Palladio, in 4 books, by Inigo Jones, appeared in 1715; The Most Notable Antiquity of Great Britain, called Stonehenge, restored by Inigo Jones, in 1655 (ed. with memoir, 1725) ; the Designs of Inigo Jones, by W. Kent, in 1727; and The Designs of Inigo Jones, by J. Ware, in 1757. See also G. H. Birch, London Churches of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries (1896) ; W. J. Loftie, 'nig°. Jones and Wren, or the Rise and Decline of Modern Architecture in England (1893).