JIBUTI (DJIBOUTI), the chief port and capital of French Somaliland, in I I° 35' N., 43° 1o' E. Jibuti is situated at the entrance to and on the southern shore of the Gulf of Tajura about 150 m. S.W. of Aden. The town is built on a horseshoe-shaped peninsula partly consisting of mud flats, which are spanned by causeways. In spite of the warm climate, the European quarter, built of stone, has a prosperous appearance with its white houses and laurel avenues. It is the terminal station of the railway to Abyssinia. There is a good wi.ter supply, drawn from a reservoir about 21 m. distant. The harbour is land-locked and capacious. Ocean steamers are able to enter it at all states of wind and tide. Adjoining the mainland is the native town, consisting mostly of roughly made wooden houses with well thatched roofs. In it is held a large market, chiefly for the disposal of live stock, camels cattle, etc. The port is a regular calling-place and also a coaling station for the steamers of the Messageries Maritimes, and there is a local service to Aden. Trade is confined to coaling passing ships and to importing goods for and exporting goods from south ern Abyssinia via Harrar, there being no local industries. (For
statistics see SOMALILAND, FRENCH.) The inhabitants are of many races—Somali, Danakil, Gallas, Armenians, Jews, Arabs, Indians, besides Greeks, Italians, French and other Europeans. The population is about 8,000.
Jibuti was founded by the French in 1888 in consequence of its superiority to Obok both in respect of harbour accommodation and in nearness to Harrar. It has been the seat of the governor of the colony since May 1896.
new, a town in north-eastern Bohemia on the river Cidlina. Situated in the middle of a large fertile plain it has always exercised an influence in Czech history since its establishment as a town by Wenceslas II. in 1302. Much of its past prosperity and many of its beautiful buildings, e.g., the castle and the church after the model of the pilgrims' church of Santiago de Compostela in Spain, it owes to the interest of Wallenstein who owned it in the 17th century and made it the capital of the Duchy of Frydlant. Its development since has been that of a typical market centre of collection and distribution with small associated in dustries, e.g., agricultural machinery, tanneries and brickyards. Pop., mostly Czech, 10,478.