JOSEPH I. (1678-1711), Roman emperor, elder son of the emperor Leopold I. and his third wife, Eleanora, was born in Vienna on July 26, 1678. In 1687 he received the crown of Hun gary, and he was elected king of the Romans in 169o. In 1699 he married Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Luneburg, by whom he had two daughters. In 1702, on the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession, he joined the imperial general Louis of Baden in the siege of Landau. He succeeded his father as em peror in 1705, and during his reign the imperial general Prince Eugene, either acting alone in Italy or with the duke of Marl borough in Germany and Flanders, defeated the armies of Louis XIV. Hungary was disturbed by the conflict with Francis Rack Oczy II., who eventually took refuge in France. The conflict was ended by the peace of Szatmar (I7I I). The emperor reversed many of the pedantically authoritative measures of his father, but he fought stoutly for what he believed to be his rights. Joseph showed himself hostile to the Jesuits, by
whom his father had been much influenced. He began the attempts to settle the question of the Austrian inheritance by a pragmatic sanction (see HABSBURG, HOUSE OF), which were con tinued by his brother Charles VI. Joseph died in Vienna on April 17, 1711, of small-pox. He was a good musician; his musical works, with those of Ferdinand III. and Leopold I. were edited in 1892-93 by G. Adler.
See F. Krones von Marshland, Grundriss der Oesterreichischen Geschichte (1882) ; F. Wagner, Historia Josephi Caesaris (1746) ; J. C. Herchenhahn, Geschichte der Regierung Kaiser Josephs I. (1786-89) ; C. van Noorden, Europdische Geschichte im 18. Jahrhundert (187o-82).