JUBBULPORE or JABALPUR, a city district and divi sion of British India in the Central Provinces. The city is 616 miles N.E. of Bombay by rail and 2 20 miles S.W. of Allahabad. The numerous gorges in the neighbouring rocks have been taken advantage of to surround the city with a series of small lakes which, shaded by fine trees and bordered by fantastic crags, add much beauty to the suburbs. The city itself is modern and is laid out in wide and regular streets. The cantonment and civil station have largely expanded and the total population is now over io8,000.
Jubbulpore is a large military station with a Government gun carriage factory, a railway centre on the Bombay-Calcutta route via Allahabad, and it is also the educational and missionary cen tre of the Hindi-speaking districts of the Central Provinces. A narrow gauge line connects it with the Satpura districts and the south of the Province. It has a large cotton mill, a glass factory and pottery works and carries on an important trade, being the collecting and distributing centre for a considerable area of country. The population has nearly doubled since 1872 and includes 24,00o Mohammedans and 6,000 Christians.
The DISTRICT OF JUBBULPORE has an area of 3,912 sq.m. and a population of The northern and eastern tracts drain into the Jumna and Ganges, but the southern and south-western portions lie in the Nerbudda valley and this area is a fertile plain with rich black soil and embanked fields producing a splendid wheat crop. There are deposits of iron ore which are smelted in
small charcoal furnaces in the jungle. There is manganese ore of low grade and very valuable limestone, as well as clays and earths specially suitable for bricks, pottery and glassware. The Nerbudda, I I m. from Jubbulpore, after a fall of 3o ft., forces its way through the famous "Marble Rocks" gorge. The district is a beautiful one, well wooded, with hills always in view, and there are many sacred spots on the Nerbudda river. The rich country is almost immune from famine, but the light soil areas producing rice and small millets have suffered very severely from recurring droughts. Of the population, 87% are Hindus, Ma hommedans 51%, Christians under 1%, Animists (chiefly Gonds and Kols) 7%. The principal cultivating castes are Kurmis and Lodhis, while the Brahmans (62,00o) are more numerous than in any other district of the Province. Murwara (Katni) on the East Indian railway, 57 m. N. of Jubbulpore, has grown from a village of 2,000 to a busy town of 16,00o and is the centre of the lime and cement industry.