KAUFFMANN (MARIA ANNA) ANGELICA (1741 18o7), the once popular artist and Royal Academician, was born at Coire in the Grisons, on Oct. 3o, 1741. Her father, John Josef Kauffmann, was a painter. She was a very gifted child and showed marked talents as a musician and painter at an early age; and in her 12th year she had become a notability, with bishops and nobles for her sitters. In 1754 her father took her to Milan. Later visits to Italy of long duration have succeeded this ex cursion; in 1763 she visited Rome. From Rome she passed to Bologna and Venice, being everywhere feted, as much for her talents as for her personal charms. She was induced by Lady Went worth, the wife of the English ambassador to accompany her to London, where she appeared in 1766. One of her first works was a portrait of Garrick, exhibited in the year of her arrival at "Mr. Moreing's great room in Maiden Lane." She was everywhere well received, the royal family especially showing her great favour.
Her firmest friend was Sir Joshua Reynolds. In his pocket book her name as "Miss Angelica" or "Miss Angel" appears fre quently, and in 1766 he painted her, a compliment which she returned by her "Portrait of Sir Joshua Reynolds," aetat. 46. About Nov. 1767, she was entrapped into a clandestine marriage with an adventurer who passed for a Swedish count (the Count de Horn), from whom she was then separated. Her name is found among the signatories to the famous petition to the king for the establishment of the Royal Academy. In its first catalogue of 1769 she appears with "R.A." after her name (an honour which she shared with another lady and compatriot, Mary Moser) ; and she contributed the "Interview of Hector and Andromache," and three other classical compositions. From this time until 1782 she was an annual exhibitor. One of the most notable of her per
formances was the "Leonardo expiring in the Arms of Francis the First," which belongs to the year 1778. In 1773 she was appointed by the Academy with others to decorate St. Paul's, and it was she who, with Biagio Rebecca, painted the Academy's old lecture room at Somerset House.
In 1781, after her first husband's death, she married Antonio Zucchi (1728-1795), a Venetian artist then resident in England. Shortly afterwards she retired to Rome. She continued to con tribute to the Academy, her last exhibit being in 1797. She died in Nov. 1807, being honoured by a splendid funeral under the direction of Canova. The entire Academy of St. Luke, with numerous ecclesiastics and virtuosi, followed her to her tomb in S. Andrea delle Fratte, and, as at the burial of Raphael, two of her best pictures were carried. in procession.
At Hampton Court is a portrait of the duchess of Brunswick; in the National Portrait Gallery a portrait of herself. There are pictures by her also at Paris, at Dresden, in the Hermitage at St. Petersburg (Leningrad) and in the Alte Pinakothek at Munich. The Munich example is a portrait of herself ; and there is a third in the Uffizi at Florence. A few of her works are in private collections. The museum of Schwarzenberg in the Tyrol, where she often stayed, has several of her works. Her life has been used as the basis of a romance by Leon de Wailly, 1838; and it prompted the charming novel contributed by Mrs. Rich mond Ritchie to the Cornhill Magazine in 1875 under the title of "Miss Angel." (A. Do.) See Giovanni de Rossi, Angelica Kauffmann (18io) ; F. A. Gerard, A. Kauffmann (1893).