THE SCOPE OF JURISPRUDENCE The wide range of topics with which jurisprudence concerns it self will be suggested by the number of matters to which no more than a passing reference can here be made quite as much as by those already dealt with. Of Liberty (F. W. Maitland, Collected Papers vol. I p. 1-12o) ; A. Levi, Contributi (1914) [s. 35] and of Persons, of Property (e.g. Joiion des Langrais, La Saisine, 1925) and of Crime a mere mention alone is possible. And so of Rights, cardinal in jurisprudence and political theory alike. For the rest the reader must content himself with the following bibliography.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.—Besides the works already mentioned see F. Geny, Methode d'Interpretation, Science et Technique (1913) ; L'Oeuvre juridique de R. Saleilles (various writers, ; J. Charmont La Renaissance du Droit naturel (1909) ; P. de Tourtoulon, Philosophy in the Development of Law (1922), G. Davy, Le Droit (5922) ; G. Re nard, Le Droit (3 vols. 1925-27), E. Ehrlich Soziologie des Rechts (1913) ; 36 H. L. R. p. 13o-145; H. V. Kantorowitz (Gnaeus Flavius) Lehre vom Richtigen Recht (19o9) ; A. Merkl, Die Lehre von der Rechtskraft (1923) ; E. Kaufmann, Kritik des neukantischen Rechts philosophie (1921) ; Festgabe fur R. Stammler, (edit. E. Tatarin Tarnheyden (1926) ; W. Haensel, Kants Lehre vom Widerstandsrecht (1926) the footnotes to which will serve as an admirable bibliography of modern German jurisprudence. The following articles of Morris R. Cohen, Int. JD. of Ethics vol. XXIV (1914), p. 88, XXV (1915), p. 469, XXVI (1916), P. 347, 29 H. L. R. p. 622, Philosophical Review vol. XXV (1916), 761, Journal of Philosophy (1925), p. 141; B. N. Cardozo, The Nature of the Judicial Process (1921) ; The Growth of the Law (r924) ; L. B. Register, Science of Legal Method (1921) ; J. B. Ames, Lectures on Legal History (1913) ; W. N. Hohfeld, Funda mental Legal Conceptions (edit. W. W. Cook 192o).
The following periodicals should be referred to for their wealth of material, Harvard Law Review (H. L. R.), International Journal of Ethics (Int. J1. Ethics) Political Science Quarterly (Pol. Sc. Qu.), L'Annee Sociologique, Revue de Metaphysique et de Morale, Revue generale du Droit, Logos (Tilbingen), Archiv fur Rechtsphilosophie and the Zeitschrift fiir vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft.
Paris) ; Index to Legal Periodicals (N.Y. annually in parts) The Psy chological Index (Princeton, N.J. annually), The Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature (No. 7 for the more popular articles) Interna tional Index to Periodicals (N.Y.). (H. GOT.) JURISPRUDENCE, COMPARATIVE. The compara tive study of law may be treated in two different ways : it may be directed to a comparison of existing systems of legislation and law, with a view to tracing analogies and contrasts in the treatment of practical problems and taking note of expedients and of possible solutions; or it may aim at discovering the principles regulating the development of legal systems, with a view to explain the origin of institutions and to study the conditions of their life. In the first sense, comparative jurisprudence resolves itself into a study of home and foreign law. In the second, comparative jurisprudence is one of the aspects of so-called sociology, being the study of so cial evolution in the special domain of law. From this point of view it is, in substance, immaterial whether the legal phenomena subjected to investigation are ancient or modern, are drawn from civilized or from primitive communities. The fact that they are being observed and explained as features of social evolution char acterizes the inquiry and forms the distinctive attribute sep arating these studies from kindred subjects. It is only natural, however, that early periods and primitive conditions rather than recent developments should have attracted investigators in this field. The tendency of all evolutionary investigations is to obtain a view of origins in order to follow up the threads of develop ment from their initial starting-point. Besides, the simpler phe nomena of ancient and primitive society afford more convenient material for generalizations as to legal evolution than the ex tremely complex legal institutions of civilized nations. But there is no determined line of division between ancient and modern comparative jurisprudence in so far as both are aiming at the study of legal development. The law of Islam or, for that matter, the German civil code, may be taken up as a subject of study quite as much as the code of Hammurabi or the marriage cus toms of Australian tribes.