The most noteworthy waterfalls are :—Scale Force (Crum mock), Lodore (Derwentwater), Dungeon Gill Force (Langdale), Dalegarth Force (Eskdale), Aira (Ullswater), Stock Gill Force and Rydal Falls, near Ambleside. The principal centres in the Lake District are Keswick (Derwentwater), Ambleside, Bowness, Windermere and Lake Side, Coniston and Boot (Eskdale), Gras mere and Hawkshead. There are regular steamer services on Windermere and Ullswater. Coaches and cars traverse the main roads during the summer, but many of the finest dales and passes are accessible only on foot. All the mountains offer easy routes but some of them, such as Scafell, Pillar, Gable (Napes Needle), Pavey Ark above Langdale and Dow Crags near Coniston are dif ficult to climb. This mountainous district, having the sea to the west, records an unusually heavy rainfall. Near Seathwaite, below Styhead pass, the largest annual rainfall in the British Isles is recorded, the average being 154 in. At Keswick the annual mean is 60.02, at Grasmere about 8o in.
The industries of the Lake District include slate quarrying and some lead and zinc mining, weaving, bobbin making and pencil making.
Of late years, the Lake District has lost much of its seclusion. There is a multitudinous incursion of visitors by motorbus and automobile, for which traffic the former picturesque but difficult roads have been modernized.
The Lake District is intimately associated with English litera ture. Connected with the region is Gray (1769) but it was Words
worth himself, who really made it a Mecca for lovers of English poetry. He spent 6o years at Hawkshead, Grasmere and Rydal Mount. In the churchyard of Grasmere the poet and his wife lie buried; and near to them are the remains of Hartley Cole ridge. Southey, the friend of Wordsworth, lived at Keswick from 1803-43 and is buried in Crosthwaite. Samuel Taylor Coleridge lived at Keswick, and also with the Wordsworths at Grasmere. From 1807 to 1815 Christopher North (John Wil son) was settled at Windermere. De Quincey spent from 1809 to 1828 at Grasmere; Ambleside was a place of residence of Dr.
Arnold (of Rugby) and Harriet Martineau built herself a house there in 1845. At Keswick Mrs. Lynn Linton was born in 1822. Brantwood (Coniston lake) was the home of Ruskin during the last years of his life. In addition to these are Shelley, Scott, Na thaniel Hawthorne, Clough, Crabb Robinson, Carlyle, Keats, Tennyson, Matthew Arnold, Mrs. Hemans, Gerald Massey.
BIBLIOGRAPHY .—See CUMBERLAND, LANCASHIRE, WESTMORLAND, Bibliography .—See CUMBERLAND, LANCASHIRE, WESTMORLAND, Also H. D. Rawnsley, A Rambler's Note-book of the English Lakes (1902) ; J. E. Marr, The Geology of the Lake District (1916) ; M. J. B. Baddeley, The English District (1922) ; W. G. Collinwood, Lake Dis trict History (1925) .