A brief statement follows of the present distribution of the several mss. and of the form in which they are severally published: England.—Windsor: Nine mss., chiefly on anatomy, published entire in simple facsimile by Rouveyre (Paris, igoi) ; partially, with transliterations and introduction by Piumati and Sabachnikoff (Paris, 1898, foll.) ; British Museum: one ms., miscellaneous, Victoria and Albert Museum: ten note-books bound in 3 vols.; fac simile by Rouveyre, Holkham (collection of Lord Leicester), 1 vol., on hydraulics and the action of water ; published in facsimile with translit eration and notes by Gerolamo Calvi. France.—Institut de France: 17 mss., all published with transliteration and notes by C. Ravaisson Mollien (6 vols., Paris, 1880-95). Italy. Ambrosiana: the Codice Atlantico, the huge miscellany, of vital importance for the study of the master, put together by Pompeo Leoni ; published in facsimile, with transliteration, by the Accademia dei Lincei (1894, foll.) ; Milan: collection of Count Trivulzio ; 1 vol., miscellaneous; published and edited by L. Beltrami (1892) ; Rome: collection of Count Marszolini; Treatise on the Flight of Birds, published and edited by Piumati and Sabachnikoff (Paris, 1892). Quaderni d'Anatomia published by Ove Vagensten, A. Fonahn, H. Hopstok with English and German transla tions (Christiania [Oslo], 1911-17).
BisuoGRAPHY.—The principal authorities are:—"Il libro di Antonio Billi," ed. Carl Frey (1892) ; "Breve vita di Leonardo da Vinci, scritto da un adnonimo del 1500" Archivio Storico Ital. t. xvi. (1870), translated by H. P. Horne (1903) ; Paolo Giovio, "Leonardi Vincii vita," in his Elogia, printed in Tiraboschi, Storia delta Lett. Ital. t. vii. pt. 4, and in Classici Italiani, vol. 314 ; Vasari, Lives of the Painters (ed. Milanesi, 1878-85) ; Sabba da Castiglione, Ricordi (Venice, 1565) ; G. P. Lomazzo, Trattato dell' arte della pittura, etc. (Milan, 5584-85) ; Idea del tempio della pittura (Milan, 1591) ; Le Pere Dan, Le Tresor . . . de Fontainebleau (1642) ; J. B. Venturi, Essai sur les ouvrages physico-mathematiques de L. da V. (1797) ; C. Amoretti, Memorie storiche sulla vita, etc. di L. da V. (Milan, 1804), a work which laid the foundation of all future researches; Giuseppe Bossi, Del Cenacolo di L. da V. (Milan, 181o) ; C. Fumagalli, Scuola di Leonardo da Vinci 0810 ; Gaye, Carteggio d'artisti (Florence, 1839 41) ; G. Uzielli, Ricerche intorno a L. da V., series 1, 2 (Florence, 1872 ; Rome, 1884 ; series 1 revised, Turin, 1896) , documentary researches of the first importance for the study ; C. L. Calvi, Notizie dei principali professori di belle arti (Milan, 1869) ; Hermann Grothe, L. da V. als
Ingenieur und Philosoph (1874) ; J. P. Richter, The Literary Works of L. da V. (2 vols., 1883), this is the very important and valuable history of and selection from the texts mentioned above under mss.; Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien, Les Ecrits de L. da V. (Paris, 1881) ; Paul Muller Walde, L. da V., Lebensskizze und Forschungen (Munich, 1889-9o) ; Id., "Beitrage zur Kenntniss des L. da V.," in Jahrbuch der k. Preuss ischen Kunstsammlungen (1897-99), the first immature and incomplete, the second of high value ; E. Miintz, L. da V. sa vie, son genie, son oeuvre (1898 ; English translation 1898) ; G. Gronau, L. da V. (1902) ; Bernhard Berenson, The Drawings of the Florentine Painters (1903) ; Edmondo Solmi, Studi sulla filosofia naturale di L. da V. (Modena, 1898) ; Id., Leonardo (Florence, ist ed. 1900, 2nd ed. 1907) ; A. Rosen berg, L. da V., in Knackfuss's series of art biographies (Leipzig, 1898) ; Gabriel Seailles, L. da V., l'artiste et le savant (1st ed. 1892, 2nd ed. 5906), a lucid and careful general estimate of great value, especially in reference to Leonardo's relations to modern science: Edward McCurdy, L. da V., in Bell's "Great Masters" series (1904 and 1907), Id., L. da V.'s Note-Books (1908), a selection from the passages of chief general interest in the master's mss., with a history of the mss. prefixed, Le Vicende del Cenacolo di L. da V. nel secolo XIX. (Milan, 1906), an official account of the later history and vicissitudes of the "Last Sup per" previous to its final repair ; Luca Beltrami, II Castello di Milano (1894) ; id., L. da V. et la Saki dell' Asse (1902) ; Id., "II Cenacolo di Leonardo," in Raccolta Vinciana (Milan, 1908), the official account of the successful work of repair carried out by Signor Cavenaghi in the preceding years ; Woldemar von Seidlitz, Leonardo da Vinci, der Wendepunkt der Renaissance (2 vols., 1909) ; Jens Thiis, L. da V. The Florentine Years of L. da V. and Verrocchio (Christiania, 1909. English translation 1913) ; F. Malaguzzi Valeri, La Corte di Lodovico it Moro II. (Milan, 1915) ; Raccolta Vinciana presso l'Archivio storico del Comune di Milano, important periodical publication begun in 1905 ; G. Calvi, I Manoscritti di Leonardo da Vinci del punto di vista crono logico, storico, e biografico (Bologna 1925). It seems needless to give references to the discussion in newspapers and periodicals concerning the authenticity of a wax bust of Flora acquired in 1909 for the Berlin museum and unfortunately ascribed to Leonardo da Vinci, its real author having been proved by external and internal evidence to be the Englishman Richard Cockle Lucas, and its date 5846. (S. C.; X.)