LEWISTOWN, a borough of south-central Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on the Juniata river, 6om. N.W. of Harrisburg; the county seat of Mifflin county. It is on Federal highways 22 and 522, and is served by the Pennsylvania railroad. The population was in 1920 (97% native white), and was 13,357 in 1930 by Federal census. It is picturesquely situated in a narrow valley of the Allegheny mountains. There are large silk and artificial silk mills, steel and iron plants, machine shops, and tool works special izing in axes. Lewistown was one of the pioneer iron-manufactur ing centres of the State. It was founded in 1762, and was named for William Lewis, one of the early iron-masters. Two miles west of the city is a stone marker on the site of Ft. Granville, built by the Scotch-Irish settlers in the region before the town was established, and destroyed by the French and Indians in 1756. Lewistown was incorporated as a borough in 1795.
sometimes called the Long Island, the most northerly island of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, 24 m. from the mainland, from which it is separated by The Minch strait. It is 6o m. long, its extreme breadth is 28 m., and average breadth 15 miles. It is divided a line roughly drawn between Loch Resort on the west and Loch Seaforth on the east, of which the larger or more northerly portion, known as Lewis, belongs to the county of Ross and Cromarty and the lesser, known as Harris, to Inverness-shire. Area 492,800 ac. or 770 sq.m., of which 368,000 ac. belong to Lewis. Pop. of Lewis (1921) 28,378; of Harris 3,905, or 32,283 for the island, of whom 5,103 spoke Gaelic only, and 25,134 Gaelic and English.
There is communication with Glasgow, Mallaig and Kyle of Lochals by steamer via Stornoway and weekly with Belfast, Leith and Liverpool. The coast is deeply indented, the principal sea lochs in Harris being East and West Loch Tarbert ; and in Lewis, Loch Seaforth, Loch Erisort and Broad Bay on the east coast and Loch Roag and Loch Resort on the west. The mainland is dotted with fresh-water lakes. Most of Harris is hilly, there being more than 3o summits above 1,000 ft. high. Lewis is comparatively flat, save in the south-east, where Ben More reaches 1,750 f t., and in the south-west, where Mealasbhal is the highest point. The rivers are small and unimportant. The principal capes are the Butt of Lewis, in the extreme north, where the cliffs are crowned with a lighthouse ; Tolsta Head, Tiumpan Head and Cabag Head, on the east; Renish Point, in the extreme south; and, on the west, Toe Head and Gallon Head.
The following are inhabited islands in the Inverness-shire divi sion : Bernera, Ensay, Killigray and Pabbay, Scarp, Tarrensay Scalpa (616). Belonging to the county of Ross and Cro
marty are Great Bernera and the Shiant Isles. The south-eastern base of Broad Bay is formed by the peninsula of Eye, attached to the mainland by a very narrow isthmus. Much of the surface of Lewis and Harris is of peat and swamp; there are scanty frag ments of an ancient forest.
There is little cultivable land. Sir James Matheson (1796 1878), who purchased the island in 1844, spent nearly 1350,000 in reclamation and improvements. Lord Leverhulme, who bought it in 1918, also made efforts to introduce modern methods of fish ing and agriculture with small success. Subsequently he offered Lewis as a gift to the crofters, but it was declined owing to the heavy taxation, with the exception of the Stornoway section. The larger part of the island was again put up for sale in 1924, but only a small part was bought, and the rest was afterwards managed by the Lewis Islands Crofters Ltd. In Harris Lord Leverhulme's schemes for development met with more success.
Barley and potatoes are the chief crops. Black cattle are reared and some sheep-farming is carried on. Harris has obtained great reputation for tweeds made by the crofters. The fisheries are the principal mainstay of the people. Most of the crofters still live in poor huts. The island affords good sporting facilities. Many streams abound with salmon and trout ; otters, seals, deer and hares, game birds and water-fowl are plentiful. Whaling is carried on from Harris.
There are many antiquarian remains, including duns, megaliths, ruined towers and chapels. At Rodel is a church, the remains of an Augustinian monastery. The foundation is Norman and the superstructure Early English. On the towers are curious carved figures and in the interior several tombs of the Macleods, the most remarkable being that of Alastair (Alexander), son of William Macleod of Dunvegan, dated 1528. Stornoway (q.v.), pop. 4,079, is the chief town. At Callernish, 13 m. W. of Storno way, are several stone circles, one of them consisting of twelve huge monoliths with a pillar 17 ft. high in the centre. There are also an avenue and two single lines of stones branching from the circle.
At Carloway there is a fine example of a broch, or fort. Rory, the blind harper who translated the Psalms into Gaelic, was born in the village. Port of Ness, where there is a harbour, is engaged in the ling fishery. Loch Seaforth gave the title of earl to a branch of the Mackenzies, but in 1716 the 5th earl was attainted for Jacobitism and the title forfeited. In 1797 Francis Humberston Mackenzie chief of the Clan Mackenzie, was created Lord Seaforth and Baron Mackenzie of Kintail.