LONDONDERRY, CHARLES WILLIAM STEWART (VANE), 3RD MARQUESS OF (1778-1854), British soldier and diplomatist, was the son of the ist marquess by a second mar riage with the daughter of the ist Earl Camden. He entered the army and served in the Netherlands (1794) on the Rhine and Danube (1795), in the Irish rebellion (1798), and Holland (1799), rising to be colonel. He was elected M.P. for Kerry and became under-secretary for war under his half-brother Castlereagh in 1807. In 1808 he was given a cavalry command in the Peninsula. In 1809, and in the campaigns of 1880-1811, as major-general, he served under Wellington in the Peninsula as his adjutant general, and was at the capture of Ciudad Rodrigo, but at the beginning of 1812 he was invalided home. Castlereagh (see LONDONDERRY, 2nd Marquess of) then sent him to Berlin as minis ter, to represent Great Britain in the allied British, Russian and Prussian armies and he played an important part in the subse quent fighting, while ably seconding Castlereagh's diplomacy. In 1814 he was made a peer as Baron Stewart, and later in the year was appointed ambassador at Vienna, and was a member of the important congresses which followed. In 1822 Castlereagh's death made him 3rd marquess of Londonderry, and shortly after wards, disagreeing with Canning, he resigned, being created Earl Vane (1823), and for some years lived quietly in England. In
1835 he was for a short time ambassador at St. Petersburg. In 1852, after the death of Wellington, he received the order of the Garter. He died on March 6, 1854. He was twice married, first in 1808 to the daughter of the earl of Darnley, and secondly in 1819 to the heiress of Sir Harry Vane-Tempest, when he assumed the name of Vane. Frederick William Robert (1805-72), his son by the first marriage, became 4th marquess; and on the latter's death in 1872, George Henry (1821-84), the eldest son by the second marriage, after succeeding as Earl Vane (according to the patent of 1823), became 5th marquess. In 1884 he was succeeded as 6th marquess by his son Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest Stewart (1852-1915), a prominent Conservative politician, who was viceroy of Ireland (1886-89), chairman of the London School Board (1895-97), postmaster-general (1900-02), president of the Board of Education (1902-05) and lord president of the Council (1903-05). He was a prominent leader of the opposition to the Home Rule Bill of 1912, and was one of the first to sign the Ulster Covenant, Sept. 28, 1912. He died at Stockton-on-Tees, on Feb. 8, 1915.