The Newport Arch or northern gate of Lindutn is one of the most perfect specimens of Roman architecture in England. It consists of a great arch flanked by two smaller arches, of which one remains. The Roman Ermine street runs through it, leading northward almost in a straight line to the Humber. Fragments of the town wall remain at various points; a large quantity of coins and other relics has been discovered; and remains of a burial place and buildings unearthed. Of these last the most important is the series of column-bases, probably belonging to a Basilica, beneath a house in the street called Bail Gate, adjacent to the Newport Arch. A villa in Greetwell; a tesselated pavement, a mile-stone and other relics in the cloister; an altar unearthed at the church of St. Swithin, are among many other discoveries. Among churches, apart from the minster, two of outstanding interest are those of St. Mary-le-Wigford and St. Peter-at-Gowts (i.e., sluice-gates), both in the lower part of High street. Their towers are examples of very early Norman work, though they possess characteristics of pre-Conquest workmanship. Brace bridge church shows similar early work; but as a whole the churches of Lincoln show plainly the results of the siege of and such buildings as St. Botolph's, St. Peter's-at-Arches and St. Martin's are of the period 1720-1740. Several churches are modern buildings on ancient sites.
There were formerly three small priories, five friaries and four hospitals in or near Lincoln. The preponderance of friaries over priories of monks is explained by the fact that the cathedral was served by secular canons. Bishop Grosseteste was the devoted patron of the friars, particularly the Franciscans, who were always in their day the town missionaries. The Greyfriars, near St.
Swithin's church, is a picturesque two-storied building of the 13th century. The building known as John of Gaunt's stables, actually St. Mary's Guild Hall, is of two storeys, with Norman doorway and moulding. The Jews' House is another 12th-century building; and Norman remains appear in several other houses, such as Deloraine Court and the House of Aaron the Jew. Lincoln Castle, lying west of the cathedral, was newly founded by William the Conqueror when Remigius decided to found his minster under its protection. The site, with its artificial mounds, is of much earlier, probably British, date. There are Norman remains in the Gateway Tower; parts of the walls are of this period, and the keep dates from the middle of the 12th century. Among mediaeval gateways, the Exchequer Gate, serving as the finance-office of the chapter, is a fine specimen of 13th-century work. Pottergate is of the 14th century, and Stonebow in High Street of the 15th, with the Guildhall above it. St. Dunstan's Lock is the name, cor rupted from Dunestall, now applied to the entrance to the street where a Jewish quarter was situated; here lived the Christian boy afterwards known as "little St. Hugh," who was asserted to have been crucified by the Jews in 1255. His shrine remains in the S. choir aisle of the minster. Other antiquities are the Perpen dicular conduit of St. Mary in High Street and the High Bridge, carrying High Street over the Witham and retaining some old houses upon it. The principal industry is the manufacture of agricultural machinery and implements; there are also iron and steel foundries and maltings, and a large trade in corn and agricul tural produce. The county borough of Lincoln and the urban dis trict of Bracebridge return one member to parliament.