For the library of Christ Church, Oxford, which belongs alike to the college and the cathedral, see above. That of Durham, 20,000 vols., dates from monastic times, and possesses many of the books which belonged to the monastery. The collection is fairly general, and is kept up to date. It is especially rich in very early mss., written at Durham. The library at York is open to the public, has many valuable mss. and early printed books. It includes Edward Hailstone's topographical library (catalogue of pr. bks., 1896). The foundation of the library at Canterbury dates probably from the time of Augustine, but nothing of the pre-Conquest library survives. Many of the mss. originally here were transferred by Archbishop Parker to Corpus Christi college, Cambridge (catalogue 1743 and 1802, of mss. 1911). The present building was erected in 1867. The Lincoln cathedral library (catalogue 1859, of incunabula 1925, of mss. 1927) was re founded by Dean Honeywood, at the Restoration, in a building by Wren. Chichester dates from the Restoration only; Ely is rich in the non-jurors. Exeter possesses many Saxon mss., in cluding the "Exeter Book" of Old English poetry, the gift of Leofric, the first bishop. At Lichfield the existing library is post Restoration, but includes the famous Evangeliary of St. Chad. The collection at Norwich is chiefly modern. The earlier library at Peterborough being almost destroyed in the Civil War, Bishop White Kennett refounded it, but many of his books have been lost. Salisbury is rich in incunabula (catalogue 188o). Win chester cathedral library is mainly the bequest of Bishop Morley (17th century). The library at Bristol was burnt and pillaged in the riots of 1831. At Chester, in 1691, Dean Arderne be queathed his books and part of his estate "as the beginning of a public library for the clergy and city." The library of Hereford (catalogue of mss., 1927) is a good specimen of an old monastic chained library; Worcester has fine mss. (catalogue, 1906, and of incunabula, 1910). The four Welsh cathedrals were supplied with libraries by a deed of settlement in 1709. All are small ; the largest, St. Asaph, has about 1,75o volumes. That founded by Archbishop Leighton in 5684 in Dunblane cathedral (2,000 vols.), is the only cathedral library in Scotland of any historic interest. The public library established about 5694 in St. Patrick's cathe dral, Dublin, by Archbishop Marsh, was incorporated in 1707, and endowed by its founder at his death in 1713. The books are chiefly theological and include the libraries of Bishop Stillingfleet and of Elias Bouhereau, the first librarian. In 1849 Beriah Bot field published Notes on the Cathedral Libraries of England.
The best Catholic libraries in London are those of Brompton Oratory (I849--35,000 vols., 3,000 pamph.) and Westminster cathedral (22,00o vols. and valuable archives). The archiepiscopal library at Lambeth palace (41,000 printed books and 1,300 mss.) has been enriched by the gifts of Laud, Tenison, Manners Sutton, and others of his successors. It is rich in theology and Church history. Of the illuminated mss., and early printed books, cata logues have been issued by S. R. Maitland (1792-1866). The mss. are described in H. J. Todd's catalogue, 1812, and the older volumes by M. R. James, 1900.
The Cripplegate institute (1896) in Golden lane, also founded out of charity monies, has three branches-St. Bride institute; the Queen street, Cheapside, branch; and St. Luke's institute. The St. Bride Foundation Technical Reference Library (1895) is a very complete collection of about 30,00o vols. on printing and allied arts. Dr. Williams's library (over 75,000 vols.), founded in 1716 by the will of Dr. Daniel Williams, is primarily theological. and has been enlarged to include philosophy, history and literature, with collections of theosophy and of the works of Boehme, Law, and other mystics. The mss. include the original minutes of the Westminster Assembly, letters and treatises of Richard Baxter and the journals of Crabbe Robinson.
The most notable of the English provincial endowed libraries are those of Alanchester. That founded by Humphrey Chetham in 1653 is still housed in its old collegiate buildings (Ioo,000 vols. and mss.). More important is the John Rylands. In 1928 the John Rylands had 310,00o vols. and i o,000 mss., including the 6,000 Crawford mss. from Haigh Hall, bought in 1901, and 20,000 French Revolution broadsides, etc., presented by the earl of Crawford in 1924. Other considerable endowed libraries are the William Salt, Stafford (20,000 vols. of Staffordshire history) opened 1874; the Solon Ceramic library, Stoke-on-Trent (5,5oo vols. and 100 current periodicals) ; St. Deiniol's (1894), Ha warden, founded by W. E. Gladstone; and the Shakespeare Memorial (1879), Stratford-upon-Avon.
The oldest endowed library in Scotland is the Innerpeffray, Perthshire (1680), founded by David Drummond, 3rd Lord Mad ertie. The most important is the Mitchell in Glasgow, founded by Stephen Mitchell (1874), opened in 1877. It contains valuable collections of Scottish poetry, Burns' works, Glasgow printing, and art. It contains over 250,00o vols., and is the reference library for the Glasgow public library system. Glasgow also has Stirling's and Glasgow Public Library (1791), which was amalgamated with an existing subscription library (6o,000 vols.) and Baillie's Institution Free Reference library (24,00o vols.) established un der the bequest of George Baillie (1863), but not opened till 1887. The public library of Armagh, Ireland, was founded in 177o.
Of the law libraries, that at Lincoln's Inn, London; is the oldest and the largest (72,000 vols.). That of the Middle Temple con tains 70,000 vols. The library of the Inner Temple is known to have existed in 154o. Its chief collections are William Petyt's mss., received in 1708, John Adolphus's historical pamphlets, and the Crawford collection on crime. There are about 62,000 vols. Gray's Inn library (30,00o vols.) was established before 1555. The Law Society (1828) has 62,00o volumes. The Royal Institution of Great Britain (1803), possessing a general refer ence subscription library of about 150,00o vols., was closed in 1916, its oriental section remaining to help found the London University School of Oriental Studies, while its Western books went to the university and college libraries.