MACKE, AUGUST (1887-1914), German painter, was born on Jan. 3, 1887, at Meschede, Westphalia. His youth was spent in Cologne and Bonn, and he studied art from 1904, at the Diisseldorf Academy and later in Berlin with Louis Korinth. He was influenced particularly in his earlier work by the older Im pressionists: Cezanne, Matisse, Renoir. Picasso; and the Cubists. He also visited Paris, Holland and Italy. The period of his independent creation embraces the years 1909-14. With Kan dinski, Jawlenski and Marc, he was one of the most important representatives of the "Blaue Reiter," the group of painters from which Expressionism in Germany originated. His art combines the tradition of French painting, its sense of the grace of movement and atmosphere in landscape painting, with the cos mic sentiment of German art, without losing itself in the subtle and problematical. A journey to Tunis in the spring of 1914 inspired some of his most beautiful pictures. He was killed in the World War at Perthes-les-Hurlus, Champagne, on Sept. 26, 1914.
See Walter Cohen, August Macke (Leipzig, 1922).
N. of the city, and is served by the Baltimore and Ohio, the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie and (through Dravosburg) the Penn sylvania railways. Pop. 46,781 in 1920 (25% foreign-born white) ; 54,632 in 1930 by the Federal census. The city is compactly built on a site of 3.5 sq.m., rising from the rivers to hills occu pied by the newer residential districts. It has 5.5 m. of navigable river front, coal mines at its very door, natural gas from West Virginia and northern Pennsylvania, 4 public parks, 24 schools, 71 churches, an assessed valuation (1927) of and a commission form of government. It is an important industrial unit of the greater Pittsburgh district, with a manufactured out put valued at $141,335,000 in 1925, of which 95% represented iron and steel, pipe and tubing, tin plate, boilers, radiators, sheet metal and other metal products. The first white settler here was David McKee, who established a ferry in 1769. His son John,
because of severe losses during the Whisky Insurrection, laid out the homestead in 200 town lots, which were sold by lottery on April 1, 1795. Coal mining began in 1830, and not long after that the building of barges developed on a large scale. During the '5os the town was an important boat-building centre. The first iron works was established in 1851. In 1878, and again in 1919, natural gas was struck within the city limits, but the supply was soon exhausted. In each case a brief period of speculation and hectic drilling followed. McKeesport was incorporated as a borough in 1842 and chartered as a city in 1890.
McKEES ROCKS, a borough of Allegheny county, Penn sylvania, U.S.A., on the Ohio river; it is situated at the mouth of Chartiers creek, opposite Pittsburgh, and is served by the Pitts burgh and Lake Erie railroad and also by two others for Pop. (1920) 16,713 (32% foreign-born white) ; 18,116 in 1930 by the Federal census. It is a coal-mining centre, and has railroad shops and important manufactures, especially iron, steel, springs, tin and enamelled ware. The factory output in 1925 was valued at $15,138,504. Natural gas is available from wells in the vicinity. There is a prehistoric mound in the borough. Settlement here dates from 1830, and the borough was incorporated in 1892.
McKENNA REGINALD (1863– ), British politician and financier, was born in London on July 6, 1863, and educated at King's college. He went up to Trinity Hall, Cambridge, as a scholar and graduated as senior optime in 1885. He also gained distinction as an oarsman, rowing in the university boat race in 1887. He was called to the bar in that year, and in 1895 was elected Liberal member for North Monmouthshire. When his party returned to power in Dec. 1905, he became financial secre tary to the treasury. In 1907 he was promoted to the presidency of the Board of Education, but was no better able than his prede cessor, Birrell, to draft a bill which would satisfy the Noncon formists and yet pass the House of Lords. His tenure of the office was brief, as, on Asquith's succeeding to the premiership in the spring of 1908, he was transferred to the Admiralty.