For Mandeville's sources see A. Bovenschen, Die Quellen fur die Reisebeschreibung des Johann von Mandeville, Inaugural-Dissertation . . . Leipzig (Berlin, 1888), revised and enlarged as "Untersuchungen iiber Johann von Mandeville and die Quellen seiner Reisebeschreibung," in the Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fur Erdkunde zu Berlin, Bd. 23, Heft 3 u. 4 (No. 135, 136), and G. F. Warner, in the edition prepared for the Roxburghe Club.
All English printed texts before 1725, and Ashton's 1887 edition, fol low these defective copies.
The Egerton text (Brit. Mus. ms. Egerton 1982) edited by Dr. G. F. Warner, has been printed by the R,oxburghe Club, while the Cotton text (Brit. Mus. ms. Cotton Titus C xvi.), first printed in 1725 and 1727, is in modern reprints the current English version.
That none of the forms of the English version can be from the same hand which wrote the original is made patent by their glaring errors of translation, but the Cotton text asserts in the preface that it was made by Mandeville himself. Matzner (Altenglische Sprachproben, I., ii., 154-155) seems to have been the first to show that the current English text cannot possibly have been made by Mandeville himself. Other works bearing the name of Mandeville or de Bourgogne are a short French life of St. Alban of Germany, the author of which calls himself Johan Mandivill[e], knight, formerly of the town of St. Alban, contained in ms. Add. C. 28o of the Bodleian ; a Lapidaire printed in L. Pannier, Les Lapidaires francais; and there are medical and alchemical receipts in the Ashmolean mss. in the Bodleian by John de
Villa Magna. Finally, de Bourgogne wrote under his own name a treatise on the plague, see David Murray, The Black Book of Paisley, etc. (1885), and John de Burdeus, etc. (1891) extant in Latin, French and English texts, and in Latin and English abridgments. Herein he describes himself as Johannes de Burgundia, otherwise called cum Barba, citizen of Liege and professor of the art of medicine ; says that he had practised forty years and had been in Liege in the plague of 1365 ; and adds that he had previously written a treatise on the cause of the plague, according to the indications of astrology (begin ning Deus deorum) , and another on distinguishing pestilential diseases (beginning Cum nimium propter instans tempus epidimiale). "Bur gundia" is sometimes corrupted into "Burdegalia," and in English translations of the abridgment almost always appears as "Burdews" (Bordeaux) or the like. Ms. Rawlinson D. 251 (15th century) in the Bodleian also contains a large number of English medical receipts, headed "Practica phisicalia Magistri Johannis de Burgundia." See further Dr. G. F. Warner's article in the Dictionary of National Biography for a comprehensive account, and for bibliographical refer ences; Ulysse Chevalier's Repertoire des sources historiques du moyen age for references generally ; and the Zeitschr. f. celt. Philologie II., i. 126, for an edition and translation, by Dr. Whitley Stokes, of Fingin O'Mahony's Irish version of the Travels. (E. W. B. N.; H. Y.)