Mackinac Island

In the term of Congress immediately following the presidential election arrangements were perfected for the termination of the American military occupation of Cuba and the inauguration of a Cuban republic. In the Philippines advanced steps had been taken in the substitution of civil government for military occu pation, and a governor-general, Judge William H. Taft, had been appointed and sent to Manila. Prosperity at home was great, and foreign relations were free from complications. After an arduous term, the president had reached a period that promised to give him comparative repose and freedom from care. In these circumstances, President McKinley, accompanied by the greater part of his cabinet, set forth in the early summer on a tour to visit the Pacific coast. The route chosen was through the Southern states, where many stops were made, and where the president delivered brief addresses. The heartiness of the welcome accorded him seemed to mark the disappearance of the sectional feeling that had survived the Civil War. After his return he visited the city of Buffalo, New York, in order to attend the Pan-American exposition and deliver a public address. This address (Sept. 5, 1901) was a public utterance designed by McKinley to affect American opinion and public policy, and apparently to show that he had modified his views upon the tariff. It declared that hence forth the progress of the nations must be through harmony and co-operation and it maintained that the time had come for wide reaching modifications in the tariff policy of the United States through commercial reciprocity arrangements with various na tions. On the following day, Sept. 6, 1901, a great reception was held for President McKinley in one of the public buildings of the exposition. Advantage of this opportunity was taken by a young man of Polish parentage, by name Leon Czolgosz, to shoot at the president with a revolver at close range. One of the two bullets fired penetrated the abdomen. After the world had been assured that the patient was doing well and would recover, he collapsed and died on the izith. The assassin, who professed to hold the views of that branch of anarchists who believe in the assassination of rulers, was promptly seized, convicted and exe cuted. McKinley's funeral took place at Canton, 0., on Sept. 19, the occasion being remarkable for the public manifestations of mourning.

Though he had not the personal magnetism of James G. Blaine, whom he succeeded as a leader of the Republican Party, McKinley had great personal suavity and dignity, and was thoroughly well liked by his party colleagues. As a politician he was always more the people's representative than their leader, and that he "kept his ear to the ground" was the source of much of his power and at the same time was his greatest weakness. His ap parently inconsistent record on the coinage question becomes con sistent if considered in the same way, as the expression of the gradually changing views of his constituency. He was an able but

far from brilliant campaign speaker. His greatest administrative gift was a fine intuition in choosing men to serve him. His Speeches and Addresses were printed in 2 vols. (1893 and 1901).

See Jane

Elliott Snow, The Life of William McKinley (i908) ; Charles Sumner Alcott, The Life of William McKinley (1916) ; Nicholas Murray Butler, William McKinley and Twenty Years 'Wet' (1920) ; Herman Henry Kohlsaat, From McKinley to Harding (1923) ; Joseph Green Butler, Life of William McKinley and History of National McKinley Birthplace Memorial (1924) ; and Alfred L. Dennis, Adventures in American Diplomacy, 1896-1906 (1928).

McKINLEY, MOUNT,

a peak of the Alaska range in south central Alaska in lat. 63° 63' 56.8" N. and long. 151° oo' 41" W. It is the culminating point of North America ( 20,300 ft. above sea level) and rises higher above the surrounding country than any other mountain in the world. Its crest gives rise to numerous glaciers of gigantic size, and it is claimed that the entire surface, above 19,00o ft., is a field of snow and ice. Under favourable con ditions, its summit affords a panorama of an area over 200 m. in diameter. The mountain was named in 1896 by W. A. Dickey in honour of William McKinley and its apex was first attained on June 7, 1913 by Hudson Stuck, H. P. Karstens, Robert Tatum and a half-breed boy named Walter Harper, in an expedition of three months' duration. The previous year Browne, Parker and LeVoy were driven back by a fierce blizzard when just short of the summit. The North peak, some 20,000 ft. in elevation, was ascended in 1910 by Pete Anderson and Billy Taylor, Alaskan prospectors of the Lloyd expedition. The Mt. McKinley national park was created on Feb. 26, 1917, with an area as changed on Jan. 3o, 1922, of 2,645 sq.m.

See A. H. Brooks, The Mt. McKinley Region, Alaska (igii), which is professional paper No. 7o of the U.S. Geological Survey; Hudson Stuck, The Ascent of Denali (1914); and E. S. Balch, Mount McKin ley and Mountain Climber's Proofs (1914).

McKINNEY,

a city of north-eastern Texas, U.S.A., on Fed eral highway 75, 39 m. N. by E. of Dallas ; the county-seat of Collin county. It is served by the Louisiana Railway and Navi gation company and the Southern Pacific lines. The population was 6,677 in 1920 (12% negroes) and was 7,307 in 193o by the Federal census. It has a large trade in mules, pure-bred livestock, cotton, grain and other agricultural products, also tinware fac tories and marble works. Since 1915 the city has had government by commission. It owis its name to Collin McKinney, a land surveyor and pioneer settler, one of the 56 signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence. McKinney was founded in 5844, became the county seat in 1848, and was chartered as a city in