Sir Francis Leopold 1819 1907 Mclintock

M'CLINTOCK, SIR FRANCIS LEOPOLD (1819 1907), British naval officer and Arctic explorer, was born at Dun dalk, Ireland, on July 8, 1819. During the year 1848 he joined the Arctic expedition under Sir James Ross in search of Sir John Franklin's ships, as second lieutenant of the "Enterprise." In the second search expedition (1850) he was first lieutenant of the "Assistance," and in the third (1854) he commanded the "In trepid." The direction which the search should follow had at last been learnt from the Eskimo, and M'Clintock accepted the com mand of the expedition on board the "Fox," fitted out by Lady Franklin in 1857, which succeeded in its object in 1859 (see FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN). Later he sounded the North Atlantic for the electric cable. He was one of the principal advisers in the preparations for the Antarctic voyage of the "Discovery" under Captain Scott. He died on Nov. 17, 1907.

See Sir C. R. Markham, Life of Admiral Sir I 'opold M'Clintock (1909) ; and his own Voyage of the "Fox" in the Arctic Seas (1859).

McCLINTOCK, JOHN

(1814-1870), American Methodist Episcopal theologian and educator of Scottish-Irish descent, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., on Oct. 27, 1814. Because of his father's financial embarrassment he worked before going to col lege and kept up his senior studies at the University of Penn sylvania while doing active pastoral work. After his graduation in 1835 he taught in Dickinson college for 12 years. He edited The Methodist Quarterly Review (1848-56), and in 1867, at the wish of Daniel Drew, was president of the newly established Drew Theological seminary at Madison, N.J., where he died on March 4, 1870. An able preacher, orator and teacher, and a remarkably versatile scholar, McClintock by his editorial and educational work probably did more than any other man to raise the intel lectual level of American Methodism. He put into practice

the scholarly methods of the new German theology of the day— not alone by his translation with Charles E. Blumenthal of Neander's Life of Christ (1847), and of Bungener's History of the Council of Trent (1855), but by his own noteworthy project, McClintock and Strong's Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature (1867-81; supplement, 1885-87). Among McClintock's other publications are Sketches of Eminent Method ist Ministers (1853), Living Words (1871) and Lectures on Theo logical Encyclopaedia and Methodology (1873). See G. R. Crooks, Life and Letters of the Rev. Dr. John McClintock (1876).

McCLOSKEY, JOHN

(1810-1885), American cardinal, was born in Brooklyn, New York, on March 20, 181o. He graduated at Mt. St. Mary's college, Emmitsburg, Md., in 1827, studied theology there, was ordained a priest in 1834, and in 1837, after two years in the college of the Propaganda at Rome, became rector of St. Joseph's, New York city. In 1844 he was conse crated bishop of Axieren in partibus, and was made coadjutor to Bishop Hughes of New York, with the right of succession; in 1847 he became bishop of the newly created see of Albany; and in 1864 he succeeded to the archdiocese of New York, then in cluding New York, New Jersey and New England. In April 1875 he was invested as a cardinal, with the title of Sancta Maria supra Minervam, being the first American citizen to receive this dignity. He attended the conclave of 1878, but was too late to vote for the new pope. He died in New York city on Oct. Io, 1885.

See J. M. Farley, "Life of Cardinal McCloskey," U.S. Cath. Hist. Soc. Records and Studies (vol. i.–ii., 1899-1901) ; J. J. Walsh, Our American Cardinals (1926).