McGIFFERT, ARTHUR CUSHMAN A6 ( ,1_ _1-1933), American theologian, was born in Sauquoit, N.Y., on March 4, 1861, the son of a Presbyterian clergyman of Scottish descent. He graduated at Western Reserve college in 1882 and in 1893 became Washburn professor of Church history in Union Theo logical seminary and in 1917 its president. His published works, except occasional critical studies in philosophy, dealt with Church history and the history of dogma. His best-known publication is a History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age (1897), which aroused the opposition of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church and which indirectly caused him to enter the Congrega tional Church. Among his other publications are a translation (with introduction and notes) of Eusebius's Church History (189o) ; The Apostles' Creed (1902) ; Protestant Thought before Kant 0910; Martin Luther (i9ii); The Rise of Modern Re ligious Ideas (1915); and The God of the Early Christians (1924) McGILLIVRAY, ALEXANDER (c. Ameri can Indian chief, was born near the site of the present Wetumpka, in Alabama. His father was a Scotch merchant and his mother the daughter of a French officer and an Indian "princess." Through his father's relatives in South Carolina, McGillivray received a good education, but at the age of 17 he returned to the Muscogee Indians, who elected him chief. During the Revolutionary War, as a colonel in the British army, he incited his followers to attack the western frontiers of Georgia and the Carolinas. Georgia con
fiscated some of his property, and after the peace of 1783 McGillivray remained hostile. Though still retaining his British commission, he accepted one from Spain, and during the re mainder of his life used his influence to prevent American settle ment in the south-west. So important was he considered that in 1790 President Washington sent an agent who induced him to visit New York. Here he was persuaded to make peace in con sideration of a brigadier-general's commission and payment for the property confiscated by Georgia ; and with the warriors who accompanied him he signed a formal treaty of peace and friend ship. He then went back to the Indian country, but remained hostile to the Americans until his death. He was one of the ablest Indian leaders of America and at one time wielded great power -having 5,000 to 10,00o armed followers. Before he died he saw that he was fighting in a losing cause, and, changing his policy, endeavoured to provide for the training of the Muscogees in the white man's civilization. McGillivray was polished in manners, of cultivated intellect, was a shrewd merchant, and a successful speculator; but he had many savage traits, being noted for his treachery, craftiness and love of barbaric display.
See Harry Lincoln Sayler, American Romance in the South (1908).