M'CLURE, SIR ROBERT JOHN LE MESURIER (1807-1873), English Arctic explorer, born at Wexford, Ireland, on Jan. 28, 1807, the posthumous son of one of Abercrombie's captains, served as mate of the "Terror" in the expedition (1836– 1837) commanded by Captain (afterwards Sir) George Back. He joined the Franklin search expedition (1848-1849) under Sir J. C. Ross as first lieutenant of the "Enterprise," and on the return of this expedition was given the command of the "In vestigator" in the new search expedition (1850-1854) which was sent out by way of Bering Strait to co-operate with another from the north-west. In this voyage he completed (1850) the work connected with the discovery of a North-West Passage.
See Admiral Sherard Osborn, The Discovery of a North-West Pas sage (1856) ; and his own Voyages (2 vols. 1884).
), American biochemist, was born near Fort Scott, Kansas, on March 3, 1879, and educated at the University of Kansas and at Yale. He went to the University of Wisconsin to teach agricultural chem istry, 1907-08. In 1917, he became professor of biochemistry at Johns Hopkins university. At Wisconsin university he began a number of experiments that finally brought about his discovery of an "unidentified dietary factor, fat-soluble A" (later called vitamin A) which he announced in 1912. Since then he has played a lead ing part directly or indirectly, in the identification of other vita mines and has become one of the chief authorities on the relation of diet to growth and disease. He was awarded the Potts gold medal, Franklin institute, in 1921, "for distinguished scientific work" and the Isaac Ridgeway Trimble medal, in 1923, for studies on bone growth, besides many other honours.
He is the author of Textbook of Organic Chemistry for Medical Students (1916) ; • Newer Knowledge of Nutrition (3rd ed., 1925) , The American Home Diet (1919); and Foods, Nutrition and Health (1925). A bibliography of his papers before 1921 is found in W. H. Eddy, The Vitamine Manual (1921).
a city of Pike county, Mississippi, U.S.A., on Federal highway 51 and the Illinois Central railway system, 6o m. S.E. of Natchez. Pop. (1920) 7,775 (22% negroes); 10,057
in 1930 by the Federal census. It is a shipping point for cotton, corn, garden truck and cattle, and has railway shops, cotton and lumber mills. The city was incorporated in 1872.
), American Methodist bishop, was born at Trinway, Ohio, Aug. 18, 1871. He graduated at Ohio Wesleyan university and later studied at Bos ton university, receiving the degrees of S.T.B. and Ph.D. In 1895 he entered the Methodist ministry and was pastor suc cessively at Chelmsford, Newton Upper Falls, Ipswich and Cam bridge, all in Massachusetts, and in 1903-09 at the New York Avenue Methodist church in Brooklyn. From 1909 to 1912 he was president of De Pauw university. He was elected bishop in 1912 and served for a number of years in Mexico and afterwards in the Pittsburgh district. In the latter region he entered actively into a study of industrial conditions and problems. As chairman of the Commission of Inquiry appointed by the Interchurch World Movement organization he pushed the investigation resulting in the Report on the Steel Strike of 1919 which was influential in abolishing the twelve-hour day and seven-day week in the steel industry. He is the author of many magazine articles and books, among the latter being Personal Christianity (1914); Democratic Christianity (1919) ; The Preacher and the People (1922) ; Living Together (1923) .
American soldier, was born in Columbiana county, 0., on April 22, 1831. He graduated at the U.S. military academy in 1852, served against the Apaches and Utes in New Mexico in 1853-57, and in April 1861 became colonel of Ohio volunteers. He served in the first battle of Bull Run; commanded a brigade in Kentucky in the winter of 1861, a division in Tennessee and Mississippi early in 1862, and the 1st Corps in Kentucky in October of the same year; was in command of Nashville in November and December of that year; and was then engaged in Tennessee until after the battle of Chickamauga. He retired in 1895, a major-general.