MACNAGHTEN, SIR WILLIAM HAY, BART. ( . ,i793— 1841), Anglo-Indian diplomatist, was the second son of Sir Francis Macnaghten, Bart., judge of the supreme courts of Madras and Calcutta. He went out to Madras in 1809, and was transferred to the Bengal Civil Service in 1816. In 183o he became secretary to Lord William Bentinck; and in 1837 the trusted adviser of the governor-general, Lord Auckland, with whose policy of support ing Shah Shuja against Dost Mohammed, the reigning amir of Kabul, Macnaghten was closely identified. As political agent at Kabul he came into conflict with the military authorities and subsequently with his subordinate Sir Alexander Burnes. Mac naghten attempted to placate the Afghan chiefs with heavy sub sidies, but when the drain on the Indian exchequer became too great, and the allowances were reduced, this policy led to an out break. Burnes was murdered on Nov. 2, 1841 and owing to the incapacity of the aged General Elphinstone the British army in Kabul degenerated into a leaderless mob. Macnaghten tried to save the situation by negotiating with the Afghan chiefs and, in dependently of them, with Dost Mohammed's son, Akbar Khan, by whom he was assassinated on Dec. 23, 1841. Retreating through the Kurd Kabul, the British suffered massacre.
(1752-182o), Irish informer, was born in Dublin, the son of a merchant. In 1776 he was called to the Irish, and in 1783 to the English bar. He supported him self for some time in London by writing plays and editing the Public Ledger. Returning to Dublin, he entered upon a syste matic course of informing against the members of the revolution ary party, for whom his house had become the resort. He also be trayed to the Government prosecutors political clients whom he defended eloquently in the courts. He made a fine defence for Robert Emmet and cheered him in his last hours, although before appearing in court he had sold, for £200, the contents of his brief to the lawyers for the Crown. After living as a Protestant all his life, on his deathbed he received absolution from a Catholic priest. He died on Feb. 13, 182o.
), American sculptor, was born at Chelsea (Mass.). He was an instructor in industrial art at Cornell university in 1886-89, and was then a pupil of Henri M. Chapu and Falguiere in Paris. Returning to America, he aided Philip Martiny in the preparation of sketch models for the Columbian exposition. In 1896 he won the Rine hart scholarship, passing four years (1896-190o) in Rome. In
1906 he became a National Academician. His first important work was "The Moqui Runner," which was followed by "A Primitive Chant," and "The Sun Vow," all figures of the North American Indian. A "Fountain of Liberty," for the St. Louis exposition, and other Indian themes came later; his "Agnese" and his "Beatrice," two fine busts of women, also deserve men tion. His principal work is the sculpture for a large memorial arch at Columbus (0.), in honour of President McKinley. He executed the frieze for the Missouri State capitol, and the war memorial for Flushing, Long Island. In 1909 he won the com mission for a soldiers' and sailors' monument in Albany, N.Y., and in 1923 the Saltus gold medal. His wife, Carol Brooks MacNeil. also a sculptor of distinction, was a pupil of F. W. MacMonnies.
(1795-1879), Anglican divine, was born at Ballycastle, Co. Antrim, on July 15, 1795, and graduated at Trinity college, Dublin, in 181o. He came under the influence of Edward Irving but was soon alienated by the latter's increasing extravagance. In 1834 he became incumbent of St. Jude's, Liver pool, where for 3o years he had great political as well as eccle siastical influence, maintaining that "God, when he made the minister did not unmake the citizen." In 1835 McNeile entered on a long contest with the Liverpool corporation, which proposed to secularize its elementary schools by the introduction of the Irish national system. McNeile led a fierce agitation against the threatened withdrawal of the Bible as the basis of denominational religious teaching; before the new system could be introduced every child was provided for in new Church of England schools established by public subscriptions. McNeile was a zealous op ponent of the Tractarian movement, and a conspicuous leader of the evangelical party. In 184o he published Lectures on the Church of England, and in 1846 (the year after Newman's se cession to Rome), The Church and the Churches, maintaining the evangelical doctrine of the "invisible Church" in opposition to the teaching of Newman and Pusey. In 186o he was appointed a canon of Chester, and in 1868 dean of Ripon.
See J. A. Picton, Memorials of Liverpool, vol. i. (1873) ; Sir Edward Russell, "The Religious Life of Liverpool," in the Sunday Magazine (June 1905) ; Charles Bullock, Hugh McNeile and Reformation Truth (1882).