BRITAIN.—Among various early mathematical organi zations is The Mathematical Society, founded by mathematicians of Spitalfields in 1717. It continued in existence till its absorp tion in 1845 by the Astronomical Society. (See History of the Royal Astronomical Society 182o-192o, London, 1923, pp. 99 104; A. DeMorgan, Budget of Paradoxes, second ed., Chicago, 1915, vol. I, pp. 374-383; The Articles of the Mathematical Society meeting . . . in Brown's Lane, Spitalfields . . . (A Cata logue of the books belonging to the Society), London, 1784 and 1821.) The London Mathematical Society, founded in 1865, has about 400 members. Its publications are Proceedings (1866 +) and Journal (1926+). The Edinburgh Mathematical Society (about 275 members) was founded in 1883, and has published Proceedings (1884+) and Mathematical Notes (1909+). The Mathematical Association (about 1,16o members) was founded in 1871 as The Association for the Improvement of Geometrical Teaching, and took its present name in 1897. It has published Reports (1871-93) and Mathematical Gazette
Material of importance for the mathematician is to be found in Royal Society of London, Transactions (1665+); Cambridge Philosophical Society, Proceedings (1843+) and Transactions (182o+) ; Royal Society of Edinburgh, Proceedings (1832+) and Transactions (1783-0; Cambridge Mathematical Journal and Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal
con tinued as The Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics (1857+); Messenger of Mathematics (1871+), continuation of Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin Messenger of Mathematics (1862– 71); London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine (1798+) and British Association for the Advancement of Science, Reports (1836+). In Nature (1869+) there is much of interest.
Among many minor serials are : Mathematical Questions and Solutions from "The Educational Times" with many Papers and Solutions (1864-1916), continued with a slight change in title till 1918 ; The Mathematician (1843-50) (Davies) ; Mathematical Repository (1795-1804, 1806-35) (Leybourn). If The Lady's Diary continued as The Lady's and Gentleman's Diary be regarded as a mathematical serial, it is the longest lived of all such serials being published for 168 consecutive years, 1704-1871.
The 'EXX77m.y?) Maentharticil'ErcupEta (Greek Math ematical Society), with about 160 members, was founded at Athens in 1918 and Bulletin de la Societe Mathematique de Grace, AEXT cov 'EXXnv tic* MaOn mar uma Srcupecas, in Greek, has been published at Athens since 1919.
The oldest existing national mathematical society, Wiskundig Genootschap (about 243 members), was founded at Amsterdam in 1778. Associated with its name on its various publi cations, and as a part of the title, is the motto : "Een onvermoeide arbeid komt alles to boven" ("Unwearying toil conquers every thing"). The Society's chief recent publications are : 1Viskundige Opgaven met de Oplossingen (1855+) ; Nieuw Archief voor Wis kunde (1875+) which was a continuation of Archief
which continues the society's V erslagen van het V erhandelde op de W etenschappelijke V ergaderingen (1844-1852) ; and Revue Semes trielle des Publications Mathematiques (1893+). Of at least
eleven other earlier periodicals of the Society the earliest is Kunst Oeffeningen over verscheide nuttige Onderwerpen der Wiskunde (1782-88). See M. Van Haeften, Het Wiskundig Genootschap zijn oudste Geschiedenis, zijn Werkzaamheden en zijn Beteekenis voor het V ezekeringswezen (Groningen, 1923).
There is important mathematical work in publications of the Amsterdam Academy of Sciences, Afdeeling Natuurkunde: (a) V erhandelingen (1854+) ; (b) Vers/agen (1853+) ; and (c) Pro ceedings (1898+) mainly translated from the V erslagen.
Among elementary periodicals, which are very numerous, are: Tijdschrift voor Wiskunde (1874-77), Deventer; Nieuw Tijd schrift voor Wiskunde (1913+), Groningen; Bijvoegsel van het Nieuw Tijdschrift voor Wiskunde (1924-27) continued as Eu clides, Tijdschrift voor de Didactiek der Exacte V akken (1927+) ; Christiaan Huygens (1921 ) ; and Wiskundig Tijdschrift
Haarlem.
HUNGARY.—The chief older mathematical publications are of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Magyar Tudomanyos Akade mia) at Budapest. They are: Mathematikai es Physikai Lapok (1892+), Mathematikai es Termeszettudomciny Ertesito (1882 +), and Mathematische and naturwissenschaftliche Berichte aus Ungarn (1882+). A series of mathematical memoirs, Ertekezesek a Mathematikai Tudomanyok Korebol, (1867-1894), is another valuable publication of the Akademia. A recent important publi cation of the University of Szeged is Acta Litterarum ac Scien tiarum, Sectio Scientiarum Mathematicarum (1922+). Intended for the secondary schools the periodical Kozepiskolai Mathema tikai Lapok, Budapest (1893-1914), has been continued as Kdze peskolai Mathematikai es Fizikai Lapok (1925+ ) .
The Calcutta Mathematical Society, founded in 1908 for the promotion of mathematical research, publishes a Bulletin (1909+). Since 1919 the University of Calcutta has published an annual volume, Journal of the Department of Science, which is devoted to original contributions in mathematics, chemistry, physiology, and botany. The Indian Mathematical Club (formerly The Analytic Club) was founded at Madras in 1907 and the first printed Progress Report, no. 7, appeared in 1908. This publication was followed by The Journal of the Indian Mathematical Club (1909-10), continued as The Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society ( 91 ).
The Circolo Matematico di Palermo, founded in 1884, has been both a national and an international organization, and now has about 584 members. Its chief publication has been its Rendiconti (1887+). The Unione Matematica Italiana was established as a national organization in 1922 and now has about 373 members. Its official organ is a Bollettino (1922+). The Circolo Matematico di Catania, of the University of Catania, was founded in 1921, and published Note e Memorie (1921-22) , Esercitazioni Matematiche (1921-26), continued as Note ed Esercitazioni Matematiche (1927+).