Central Africa.—In the interior of the continent the French and Belgium Protestant Churches have done some excellent work in the Congo, and the American Baptists, the Southern Presby terians, the Methodists and the Disciples and a number of "faith" missions have developed the region. The English Baptist Mission on the Congo is the chief British mission there.
East Africa.—In Kenya the leading Protestant missions are those of the Church Missionary Society and the Church of Scot land Mission. The United Methodists also work in Kenya, while the Church Missionary Society has a large mission in Uganda. The Universities' Mission to Central Africa works in Zanzibar, Tanganyika (formerly German East Africa), and other parts of East Africa. Several German societies have done important work in Tanganyika.
South Africa.—The Moravians (1737) were the first to under take missionary work in South Africa, but their work was soon stopped by the Dutch. The London Mission came in 1798 and in 1818 Robert Moffat, Livingstone's father-in-law, went to Bechuanaland. David Livingstone, one of the very small band of world-famous men, came to South Africa under the London Missionary Society, and dedicated a great life to the evangeliza tion of Africa and the abolition of the slave trade.
Madagascar.—Work was begun in this island by the London Missionary Society in 1819, and it has since been developed by the Friends, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Norwegian Missionary Society. Since the French took con trol of the island, the Paris Evangelical Society has worked there. The work of Protestant missions throughout Africa was com prehensively surveyed in a gathering held at Le Zoute in Belgium in September 1926.
origin has been preferred by most historians, the Thomas legend has its defenders. The Jesuits came in the r6th century, the Dutch, the Danes, the Germans and the British as we have told above. William Carey, so far as Protestant missions are con cerned, began a new era with his emphasis upon literary work, the translation of the Scriptures and the training of native workers. Carey and his two colleagues, Marshman and Ward, by 1834 when Carey died, had translated the Bible into 7 languages, and the New Testament into 23 more.
The methods of mission work in India most used are: (I) The regular method of vernacular preaching carried on both by Indian preachers and by missionaries; (2) Education in all its grades from the village school through the middle school to the high school and the college. Christian education has reached women and girls in India in a way unequalled by any other agency ; (3) Medical work: while medical work as an auxiliary of the Church has had triumphs everywhere, it is notable in India for its value among the purdah women, and on the North-west frontier where almost no other kind of work is possible; (4) The mass movement may almost be called a separate method. These move ments of the outcasts have been especially large in the Punjab, the United Provinces, parts of western India, the Telegu country and Travancore. There have also been great ingatherings of the aborigines in Chota Nagpur and among the Khasis and Lushais in the Assam hills ; (5) Christian Literature : more has been done in creating Protestant Christian literature in India than in most countries, but the supply is not adequate to the demand; (6) Spe cial mention should be made of the special work conducted by the women's societies among purdah women in their homes, and in visiting schools and hospitals.
The great task presented by Indian Islam tends to be over shadowed by the needs of Hinduism. Converts from Islam in India have not been numerous, yet some leading Christians of northern India are converts or children of converts from Islam. Much more attention is now given to the study of Indian Islam.