Maryland

Garrett, Allegany and western Washington counties furnish the home for the wild turkey, white-tailed deer and the ruffed grouse. Bob-white quail, cottontail rabbit and the gray squirrel are found in every county. On the Chesapeake bay and its tribu taries practically every species of wild duck that migrates east of the Mississippi river is to be found.

Forests.

Maryland's forest resources consist of 2,228,000 ac. of woodland, or nearly 35% of the total land area of the State. Less than 2% of this area is virgin forests, practically all of the woodlands having been cut over one or more times. The lumber production for the year 1933 was 12,000,000 board feet.

There are over different species of trees, most of them of commercial importance, embracing the yellow pine, cypress, cedar and red gum in the south-western part of the State, and spruce, white pine, hemlock, beech, birch and maple in the mountains.

The State maintains a forestry department, whose chief func tions are to provide a system of forest protection ; give assistance to woodland owners in the management of their forest proper ties; administer the six State forests (about 5,000 ac.) and the State forest nursery; and care for trees along all public highways.

Minerals.

In 1929, the product of 130 mines and quarries in the State, employing 4,978 persons, was $11,122,195. The prin cipal products in the order of their value were coal sand and gravel ($3,780,937), limestone ($1,053,738), basalt marble and slate ($334,018) and granite ($261,259).

The coal-producing area is confined to the counties of Allegany and Garrett. There are five or six workable seams of coal, the most important being the Big Vein which is correlated with the Pittsburgh coal of western Pennsylvania. In 1934, there were mined 1,627,112 net tons of coal, most of which was burned in byproduct ovens which produced net tons of coke.

Maryland building stone, of which there is an abundance of good quality, consists chiefly of granites, limestones, slates, marble and sandstones, the greater part of which is quarried in the east section of the Piedmont plateau though some limestones, including those from which hydraulic cement is manufactured, and some sandstones are obtained from the western part of the Piedmont plateau and the east section of the Appalachian region. Brick,

potter's and tile clays are obtained most largely along the west border of the coastal plain, and fire clay from the coal region of western Maryland. Materials for porcelain, including flint, feldspar and kaolin, are found in the east portion of the Piedmont plateau.

Transportation.

There were 3,884 m. of modern roadway all of which are maintained in excellent condition throughout the year. In 1933, 110 m. of new construction was completed.

Tidewater Maryland is afforded very unusual facilities of water transportation by the Chesapeake bay, with its deep channel, numerous deep inlets and navigable tributaries, together with the Chesapeake and Delaware canal, which crosses the State of Delaware and connects the Chesapeake bay with the Delaware bay. Baltimore (q.v.), was the second foreign trade port of the United States in 1936. It also has a great inter-coastal traffic, especially with the Pacific ports. Baltimore is the railway centre of the State, and it was here in Feb. 1827 that the Baltimore and Ohio, one of the first railroads in the United States, was pro jected. In 1935, in Maryland there were 1,439 m. of steam rail way under operation.

Manufacturing.

Manufacturing is by far the State's chief industry and is constantly increasing in importance. The number of persons engaged in manufacturing in 1925 was 125,787, and in 100,236. The total value of manufactures in 1914 was $377, in 1925 $926,251,640, and in $518,707,419. Of the 1925 production, $678,947,199, and of 1933 Production, $419,870, 301 were the product of plants in the Baltimore area. In the period 1914-25, the value of Maryland's manufactures advanced 145.2%. The following table shows the value of the products of the leading industries in 1925, with the two exceptions noted : According to the U.S. Census of Manufactures for 1933 the value of men's clothing manufactured the previous year was $25, 100,000. Slaughtering and meat packing products were valued at $18,956,000, canning products at $21,624,000, fertilizers at $12, 611,000, printing and publishing products at $8,684,000 and tin ware at $21,400,000. The cost of car and general shop construc tions and repairs for steam railways was $8,589,000.