NEW PHILADELPHIA, a city of eastern Ohio, U.S.A., 75 m. S. by E. of Cleveland, adjoining Dover, on the Tuscarawas river and Federal highway 21, at an altitude of 890 ft.; the county seat of Tuscarawas county. It is served by the Baltimore and Ohio, the Pennsylvania and electric railways. Pop. 10,718 in 1920 (92% native white) ; and in 1930 it was (Federal census) 12,365. Coal and fire-clay abound in the immediate vicinity, and the city has important manufactures (including enamelled ware, tinplate, electric and vacuum sweepers, iron castings, steel, trucks, trailers and brick) with an output in 1927 valued at $5,556,806. There are 16 large plants in the county making sewer pipe, and 25 mak ing brick. On May 3, 1772, a company of Christian Indians led by the Moravian missionary, David Zeisberger (1721-1808), came from western Pennsylvania, and three months later John Hecke welder (1743-1823) arrived with 200 more Indians. They laid out the town of Schoenbrunn at the "big spring" a little south east of the present city of New Philadelphia, built the first church and the first school-house in Ohio, and more than 6o dwellings of hewn timber, but were obliged to abandon the settlement in 1777 on account of the hostility of the neighbouring Indians. The site
of Schoenbrunn, discovered in 1923, has been bought by the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, which proposes to reconstruct the pioneer town. Other missions were planted in this region at Gnadenhiitten (1772), Lichtenau (1776) and Salem (1780). On March 7 and 8, 1782, the 96 peaceful Christian In dians at Gnadenhiitten were tricked and brutally massacred by a force of ioo whites sent out from Ft. Pitt under Col. Williamson. At Zoar, 5 m. N. of New Philadelphia, a settlement was made in 1817 by 225 Germans under the leadership of Joseph Bimeler. In 1824 they organized a communistic society, which lasted until 1898. New Philadelphia was founded in 1804 by John Knisely, from Pennsylvania. It was incorporated as a village in 1815 and chartered as a city in 1896.