Newspapers in Continental Countries

The Rigliche Rundschau, which spoke authoritatively on foreign affairs, ceased publication on June 30, 1928. The more popular papers in Berlin have sales exceeding 250,00o. Among the most widely circulated papers outside Berlin are the Diisseldorfer Nachrichten (Independent-Nat:onal), which reaches the same figure, the Frankfurter General-Anzeiger, 115,000, the Hamburger Anzeiger, 110,000, the Leipziger Neueste Nachrichten (Patriotic), 175,000, the Muncher Neueste Nachrichten (National), 145,000, the Dortmund General Anzeiger (non-party), 122,000, and the Dresdener Neueste Nachrichten (People's Party), over 1oo,000. There are a number of Communist journals, including, besides the Berlin Rote Fahne, papers in the following cities : Breslau, the Arbeiterzeitung, sale 15,000; Chemnitz, Der Kiimpfer, 75,000; Bochum, the Westfiilische Arbeiter Zeitung, 22,000; Essen, the Ruhr Echo, Hamburg, the V olkszeitung, 25,000; Leipzig, the Stichsische Arbeiterzeitung, 30,000.

There are several newspapers which occupy a status and exer cise an influence in German journalism and public life which cannot be measured by sales. The Frankfurter Zeitung, already mentioned, is perhaps the most powerful. It has 19 issues a week—morning and afternoon. Of a similar type is the Kolnische Zeitung, which was founded in 1848, and of which Bismarck once said that it was "worth an army corps on the Rhine"; and the Hamburger Nachrichten, founded in 1792. The Jenaische Zeitung has been in the same family since it was founded in 1674. A still older paper, the Konigsberger Hartungsche Zeitung, dating from 1640, keeps its flag flying in the Eastern outpost on the Baltic. Papers published in districts which are inhabited by Germans, although not now under the German flag, are intensely National ist, such as the Saarbriicker Zeitung, papers in Polish Upper Silesia, Danzig and other territories formerly in the Empire.

In Germany, no general newspapers are published on Monday, except two or three in Berlin. Sunday is a day of rest to news paper workers. The provincial morning papers in Germany issue three editions during the day, the contents varying more or less. In Berlin, two editions are issued. There are few afternoon papers in Germany.

The external form and arrangement of German newspapers is puzzling at first sight to an English reader. The outside sheet contains the editorial articles and news, while the middle of the paper is taken up by supplements which can be added to in definitely. The quantity of extraneous matter, such as articles on literary, social and technical subjects, is enormous, and even the most serious political journals invariably publish a novel in serial form, as well as numerous novelettes and sketches. The local

news in Berlin and other large cities is written with the minute ness and the familiarity of style of a village chronicle, and gives the impression that every one is occupied in observing the doings of his neighbour. The signed article is very much in vogue, and most writers and salaried correspondents have at least a cypher or initial by which they are distinguished.

According to the Politischer Almanach there are over loo im portant newspapers in Germany, and 38 serious political journals, representing all shades of political opinion. There are 24 large news agencies in Berlin, with branches in the chief cities. All the political parties have their Press agencies.

Among the best-known German reviews are the Preussische Jahrbucher, Deutsche Rundschau, Neue Rundschau, Deutsche Stimme, Siddeutsche Monatschefte and the Neue Zeit. The Reichsanzeiger corresponds to the London Gazette. Austria.—Austria with its diminished population, now between 6 and 7 million, has naturally many fewer newspapers than for merly, although the leading journals, such as the Neue Freie Presse and the Neues Wiener Journal, circulate amongst the German-speaking population throughout the territory of the old Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Vienna has a vigorous local press representing all political parties, including the Communists. There is freedom of the press in Austria.

Hungary.

With regard to Hungary the position is different. Hungary has now a population of 8 million, but journals in the Magyar language do not circulate outside the diminished area of Hungary, as the authorities in the Succession States prohibit them. This restriction has had an unfortunate effect on Hungarian journalism. There are still ten daily newspapers in Budapest, but very few in the provinces, and it is stated that not more than three newspapers in Budapest, owing to the restriction of the area of circulation, are now commercial successes. The Pester Lloyd, published in German in Budapest, is a newspaper of inter national reputation and celebrated its loth anniversary in 1928. Papers published in the Magyar language to serve the Hungarian minorities in Czechoslovakia, Rumania and Yugoslavia have a precarious existence. The most widely-circulated newspaper in Budapest is the Pesti Hirlap, which is followed by the Az Est. The other best known Hungarian newspapers are the Magyarorszag (Hungary) and Magyarscig (Hungarian People).