North Carolina

Charities and Corrections.

The chief State-supported in stitutions in 1936 consisted of hospitals for the white insane at Raleigh and Morganton and a hospital for negro insane at Golds boro, the Caswell Training school for mental defectives at Kings ton, the North Carolina Orthopaedic hospital for crippled chil dren at Gastonia ; the Stonewall Jackson Training school for delinquent white boys at Concord, the Eastern Carolina Industrial Training school for delinquent white boys at Rocky Mount, the Morrison Industrial school for delinquent negro boys at Hoffman, the Samarcand Manor for delinquent white girls at Samarcand and the State prison at Raleigh.

Agriculture.

North Carolina, in 1935, ranked third among the states in the value of agricultural products, the total crop values being estimated at $226,100,000. In that year, the State ranked first in the production of tobacco and peanuts, and second only to Georgia in the production of sweet potatoes. The principal crops in 1935, their acreage, yields, and values are as follows: tobacco, 617,700 ac., 577,435,000 lb., $117,443,000; cotton, 930, 00o ac., 572,00o bales, $41,092,000; Indian corn, 2,478,00o ac., 47,082,00o bu., $32,016,000; tame hay, 743,000 ac., 652,00o tons, $9,519,000; sweet potatoes, 93,00o ac., 9,300,000 bu., $6,882,000; wheat, 520,00o ac., 5,876,000 bu., $5,935,000; potatoes, 85,00o ac., 9,095,00o bu., $5,639,000; oats, 240,000 ac., 5,160,000 bu., $2,786,000; rye, 70,000 ac., 525,00o bu., $483,000; barley, 9,000 ac., 171,00o bu., $132,000.

In the production of vegetables and fruits the State ranks high. In 1935 the orchards yielded 3,975,000 bu. of apples, 2,400,000 bu. of peaches and 222,000 bu. of pears. The vineyards of the State produced 3,864 tons of grapes. The approximate value of these crops in 1934, were: Apples, peaches, $2,280, 000; pears, $199,800; and grapes, $270,480. This represents some improvement in production and price over the previous years.

The live stock on the farms of North Carolina in 1935 consisted of 671,000 cattle, of which 385,00o were kept for dairy purposes; 966,000 swine; 298,00o mules; 68,000 horses and 77,00o sheep; their total value was estimated at $74,441,000. Milk produced in 1934 amounted to 138,121,00o gallons, butter production was 32,805,000lb. and eggs, 33,601,000doz.

The tendency noted in 1920 and 1930 toward smaller holdings was also evident in 1935 ; in the last mentioned year, the average size farm was 66.2 acres. In 1935 the farm acreage was 19,936,000 as compared with 18,055,000 in 1y30. During the same period the number of farms increased from 279,708 to 300,967. Of the total number of farmers were whites and 69,373 coloured. The greater part of the coloured farmers (48,985) were tenants. The

total number of tenants was 142,158 or 47.2% of the farmers as compared with 49-2% in 1930. The total farm population in 1930 was 1,599,918 as compared with 1,501,227 in 1920.

Forests and Fisheries.—North Carolina had in 1933, 225 active saw mills which produced 571,000,000 board feet of sawed lumber as compared with 5,040,735,000 bd.ft. in 1925 and 2,I77,715,00o bd.ft. in 1909. Of the 1925 production, 843,755,00o bd.ft. were classified as softwood, chiefly, yellow pine (750475, 00o bd.ft.), spruce (38,463,000 bd.ft.), cypress (24,446,000 bd.ft.) and hemlock (21,650,000 bd.ft.) ; and 196,980,000 bd.ft. as hard wood, principally, oak (82.334,00o bd.ft.) chestnut (41,164,000 bd.ft.), red gum (21,681.00o bd.ft.) and yellow poplar ( 2 I , I 40, 000 bd.ft.). Other species of some importance were hickory, cedar and ash. The early and continued production of rosin, tur pentine and tar from the long-leaf pine forests of the coastal plain has caused North Carolina to be popularly called the "Tar Heel State." The value of the lumber and timber products in 1933 was $10,936,000.

In the sounds along the coast, in the lower courses of the rivers that flow into them, and along the outer shores, fishing is an important industry. In 1934, there were 152 vessels and 9,230 in Mitchell, Yancy and Avery counties. North Carolina also ranked first in the production of mica, which is found in the north eastern portion of the mountain region. Granite, suitable for building stones and paving blocks, is found in most parts of the State west of the "Fall Line." Talc also is widely distributed in the State.

Manufactures.

North Carolina in 1933 ranked first among the Southern States and placed eleventh among the States of the Union in the value of her manufactured products. This industrial pre-eminence has been gained since 1880. Industrial leadership in the manufacture of cotton goods and tobacco prod uctshas been achieved principally by an abundant supply of raw materials, favourable climatic conditions, a reliable supply of native labour and cheap hydro electric power. The State depart ment of conservation and de velopment estimated in 1925 that over so% of North Carolina's knitting mills, 50% of her furniture factories, 90% of her tobacco manufacturing industries and over 9o% of her textile spindles were electrically driven. In 1932, 905,000 h.p. was developed by water-power in North Carolina. In the same year it was esti mated by the U.S. Geological Survey that the State had unde veloped water-power resources equal to 500,000 horse-power. The total value of the manufactured products of the State in 1914 was $289,412,000; in 1929 it was $1,308,035,000.