Orleanists

Orleanists are necessarily more or less dea

lt with in all histories of France since 1789, and in most political memoirs, but their principles can be learnt and their fortunes followed from the following: A. Sorel, L'Europe et la revolution francaise (1885-1904) ; F. Guizot, Histoire parlementaire de la France (1819-48), and Mernoires pour servir d l'histoire de mon temps (1858-67) ; P. de la Gorce, Histoire du second empire (1894-1904) ; and G. Hano taux, Histoire de la fondation de la 3eme Republique (1925). For the attitude of the Orleans princes towards the crown under the old regime, see Amedee Britsch, La Jeunesse de Philippe Agalite (1927) . ORLEANS, DUKES OF. The title of duke of Orleans was first created by King Philip VI. in favour of his son Philip, who died without legitimate issue in 1375. The second duke of Orleans, created in 1392, was Louis, a younger son of Charles V., whose heir was his son, the poet Charles of Orleans. Charles's son Louis, the succeeding duke, became king of France as Louis XII.

in 1498, when the duchy of Orleans was united with the royal domain. In 1626 Louis XIII. created his brother, Jean Baptiste Gaston (d. 166o), duke of Orleans, and the title was revived in 1661 by Louis XIV. in favour of his brother Philip. Descendants of this duke have retained the title until the present day, one of them becoming king of France as Louis Philippe in 183o. Two distinguished families are descended from the first house of Orleans: the counts of Angouleme, who were descended from John, a son of Duke Louis I., and who furnished France with a king in the person of Francis I. ; and the counts and dukes of Longueville, whose founder was John, count of Dunois, the bastard of Orleans, a natural son of the same duke. In addition to the dukes of Orleans the most important members of this fam ily are: Anne Marie Louise, duchess of Montpensier ; Francis, prince of Joinville ; Louis Philippe Albert, count of Paris; and the traveller Prince Henry of Orleans. See table BOURBON.